Digestive System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| ingestion | active voluntary process where food must be placed into the mouth before it can be acted on
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| propulsion | foods must be propelled from one organ to the next in order to be processed
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| peristalsis | involuntary & involves alternating waves of contraction & relzxation of the muscles in the organ wall
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| segmentation | may help propel foodstuffs through the small intestine, normally only moves food back & forth across the internal wall of the organ
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| mechanical digestion | mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue, churning of food in the stomach, & segmentation in the small intestine
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| chemical digestion | sequence of steps in which large food molecules are broken down into their building blocks by enzymes
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| absorption | transport of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract to the blood or lymph
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| defecation | elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces
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| deglutition (swallowing) | involves coordinated activity of several structures (tongue, soft palate, pharynx, & esophogas)
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| buccal phase | voluntary, occurs in the mouth, once food has been chewed & well mixed with saliva, the bolus is fored into the pharynx by the tongue
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| pharyngeal-esophaageal phase | transports food through the pharynx & esophogas
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| gastric juice | regulated by both neural & hormonal factors
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| gastrin | prods the stomach glands to produce still more of the protein-digesting enzymes, mucus, & hydrochloric acid
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| vomiting | reverse peristalsis occuring in the stomach accompanied by contraction of the abdominal muscles & the diaphragm, which increases the pressure on the abdominal organs
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| brush border enzymes | break down double sugars into simple sugars and complete protein digestion
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| pancreatic juice | enzyme-rich, deluge the food entering the small intesting, ducted in from the pancrease
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| secretin | influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile
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| cholecystokinin | influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile
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| feces | solid(ish) product delivered to the rectum, contains undigested food residues, mucus, millions of bacteria, and just enouhg water to allow smooth passage
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| mass movements | long, slow-moving but powerful contractile waves that move over large areas of the colon three or four times daily & force the contents toward the rectum
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| defecation reflex | spinal reflex that causes the walls of the sigmoid colon and the rectom to contract and the anal sphincters to relax
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Created by:
SophomoreStud08