Stack #41345
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| Processes of Reproduction | formation of specialized sex cells, preparation of the female body for pregnancy, sexual intercourse
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| Types of Reproduction | sexual, asexual
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| Gamates | specialized sex cells in humans; sexual reproduction
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| Asexual Reproduction | no sex; worms
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| Gonads | AKA sex glands; males, females
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| Male Gonads | testes; AKA sex glands
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| Female Gonads | ovaries; AKA sex glands
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| Types of Sexual Characteristics of the Male | primary, secondary
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| Primary Sexual Characteristics of the Male | internal reproductive structures, penis, scrotum and testes
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| Secondary Sexual Characteristics of the Male | dependant on the secretion of testosterone (male hormone); muscle development, manufacture of sperm, growth of facial hair
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| Testes | function is to produce sperm and testosterone; one to two months before birth (usually) they descend through the inguinal canal; they are suspended from the spermatic cord
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| Spermatic Cord | contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
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| Vas Deferens | carries sperm away from the teste; AKA ductus deferens; goes up and around from each teste; vasectomy
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| Seminiferous Tubules | specialized cells in the teste which contain and produce spermatozoa; between the tubules are specialized cells callled interstitial cells
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| Interstitial Cells | produce testosterone and sperm; specialized cells between the seminiferous tubules
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| Testosterone | hormone responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in the male
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| Epididymis | carries sperm from the tubules inside the teste; very highly coiled tube; about 20ft in lenth; coiled on top of the teste; inside the scrotum, on top of the teste, and down the teste's side; connects to the vas deferens; connect to the seminal vesicle
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| Seminal Vesicle | are connected to the vas deferens and the ejaculatory duct
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| Ejaculatory Duct | travels through the prostate gland and then the urethra
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| Sperm's Path | testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, through prostate gland, urethra
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| Urethra | ejaculation; functions in the urinary and reproductive system in males
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| Ejaculation | forceful expulsion of semen through the urethra to the outside
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| Semen | mixture of sperm with various secretions expelled from the body
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| Functions of Secretions | nourish sperm, transport sperm, neutralizes acidity of the vaginal tract, lubricates the reproductive tract during intercourse
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| Glands that Contribute to Secretions | seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands
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| Seminal Vesicles | function to secrete a substance to nourish sperm and give them motility
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| Prostate Gland | secretes an alkaline substance to neutralize the acidity of the vagina and enhance motility
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| Bulbourethral Glands | AKA Cowper's glands; the size of a pea; found just below the prostate gland; secrete lubricant (precum)
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| Purpose of the Urethra | urinary and reproductive systems
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| Penis | spingy tissue that contains many blood spaces tht fill when the organ is erect; corpus cavernosa, corpus spongiosum; prepuce; ejaculation; spermatozoa; sertoli cells
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| Corpus Spongiosum | sponge-like erectile tissue in the penis
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| Prepuce | fold of skin which covers the glans penis; AKA foreskin; removed in circumcision
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| Circumcision | removal of prepuce (foreskin); normally done in the hospital; Jewish-done in ceremony by a mole
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| Ejaculation | the forceful expulsion of semen; during ejaculation or evacuation, the voluntary sphincter at the base of the bladder closes to prevent the release of urine
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| Spermatozoa | 200 million of them present in the male body; deposited in the vagina at each ejaculation; produced continuously in the testes
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| Sertoli Cells | AKA nurse cells; nurture and protect the sperm; in the testes
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| Spermatozoa | head; acrosome; midpiece; tail; only one sperm fertilizes an egg, work as a team; live from a few hours to three days
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| Head (of the Sperm) | AKA oval head; contains the chromosomes
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| Acrosome | covers the head; helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum
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| Midpiece | middle region; contains the substances which energize the sperm
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| Tail (of the Sperm) | propels the sperm
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| Organs of the Female Reproductive System | ovaries; uterus; vagina; fallopian tubes; ova
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| Ovaries | where the maturation fo the ova (egg) takes place
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| Uterus | where fetal development occurs
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| Vagina | birth canal
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| Fallopian Tubes | conception takes place
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| Ova | female sex cell; egg
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| Structures Within the Ovary | graafian follicle; ovulation; corpus luteum; oviducts; fimbriae; ovaries produce estrogen, progesterone, and the ova; ovaries are the female sex glands or gonads
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| Graafian Follicle | ovarian follicle; small fluid-filled cluster of cells; secretes the hormone estrogen
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| Estrogen | stimulates the growth of the uterine lining
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| Ovulation | occurs once a month from puberty until menopause; follicle ruptures to release ovum
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| Ovum | mature egg
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| Corpus Luteum | yellow body; secretes estrogen and progesterone after the ovum has been released
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| Oviducts | AKA fallopian tubes; transport ovum from the ovary to the uterus
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| Fimbriae | grasp the egg as it's expelled from the ovary and take it to the fallopian tube; sweep the egg into the fallopian tube-sperm will penetrate and pregnancy will take place
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| Uterus | pear-shaped organ; corpus; cervix; fundus; endometrium; myometrium; perimetrium; broad ligaments
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| Corpus | middle portion of the uterus; body
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| Cervix | lower portion of the uterus; the neck; leads to the vagina
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| Fundus | top entrance of the uterus; tubules
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| Endometrium | inner epithelial lining of the uterus; lining that is lost during menstruation
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| Myometrium | muscle layer of the uterus; kicks in during childbirth
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| Perimetrium | outside layer of the uterus
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| Broad Ligaments | stucture that supports the uterus and keeps it in place
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| Vagina | muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside; birth canal; fornex; cul-de-sac; rugae; hymen
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| Fornex | circular recess found in the upper portion of the vagina
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| Cul-de-sac | small space or narrow passageway between the rectum and uterus; in the peritoneal cavity
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| Rugae | wrinkled mucal folds that give the vagina the ability to stretch during childbirth
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| Hymen | folds of mucous membrane that sometimes closes off the vaginal orifice
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| Bartholin's Gland | provides lubrication during sexual intercourse; situated on either side of the vagina; part of the female anatomy
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| Vulva | external female reproductive organs
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| Perineum | area extending from the lower border of the vaginal opening downward to the anus
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| Clitoris | female organ that is highly sensitive; located above the urethra
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| Menstrual Cycle | menarche; menopause; FSH; estrogen
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| Menarche | the onset of menses; begins at the time of puberty
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| Menopause | when menstruation ceases
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| FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) | activates the maturing process of the primary follicle
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| Estrogen | secreted from the ovaries which activates the prodiferative stage of the mestrual cycle; gets the body ready for pregnancy; builds up the uterus
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| Ovulation | occurs once a month, from puberty to menopause; follicle ruptures & expells mature ovum; LH(luetinizing hormone from pituitary gland)largely responsible for ovulation; during menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs 14 days before next mense; woman can get prego
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| Function of the Mammary Glands | to produce milk; lactation; lactiferous ducts
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| Lactation | the release of milk from the breast
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| Lactiferous Ducts | secrete milk from the lobes of the breast
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| Size of the Mammary Glands | depends only on the amount of fatty tissue present in the breast
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| Areola | pigmented area surrounding the nipple; may become darker in color during pregnancy
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