Vocabulary from Ch. 14 of Criminal Justice
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Alternative (Intermediate) Sanctions | Community based punishments ranging from probation and prison time
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| Judicial Reprieve | In medieval England a judge could suspend a sentance to allow the defendant to gather evidence, reform behavior, or seek a pardon
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| Recognizance | Medieval practice letting offenders go free if the enter a debt relation with the state
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| Sureties | In the middle ages, the people made responsible for offenders given release or reprieve
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| Probation | The conditional release of a convicted offender under supervision of the court and subject to conditions for a set time
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| John Augustus | pioneered the concept of probation
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| Revocation | Termination of probation leading to imprisionment because of a violation of conditions
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| Suspended Sentance | Delayed prison time for community treatment (if effective, prison time is dropped)
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| Presentance Investigation | Performed by probation officer after conviction, contains all information about the offenders history and life
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| Intake | Process in which probation officer settles case before the onset of formal proceedings
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| Diagnosis | Analysis of the offender's personality that may be helpful in treating the offender
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| Risk Classification | Classification and assigning cases a level and type of supervision on a per client basis
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| Treatment Supervision | Treatment program that will allow the probationer to fulfill the probation contract and adjust to the community
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| Avertable Recidivists | Offenders whose crimes would have been avoided if they had been sent to prison first
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| Day Fees | Fees for probationers to cover the costs of their sanction
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| HotSpot Probation | Program in which intense community supervision is used to keep track of a probationer
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| Day Fine | Fine based upon the average daily income of the offender to bring equity to the sentancing process
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| Forfeirure | Seizure of personal property as a civil or criminal penality
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| Zero Tolerance | Defendants lose personal property for the slightest law violation
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| Restitution | Sanction that the offender must repat the society or victim for the crime
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| Monetary Restitution | Direct payment to the victim as compensation
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| Community Service Restitution | Used in victimless crimes for compensation to the community
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| Split Sentancing | Sentance including jail time as a condition of probation
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| Shock Probation | A short prison term before probation begins
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| Shock Incarceration | Short prison sentance served in boot-camp facilities
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| Intensive Probation Supervision | Small probation loads involving strict daily or weekly monitoring
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| House Arrest | Offenders must spend extended periods of time in thier own homes
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| Electronic Monitoring | Devices that manage offender obedience to home confinement orders
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| Residential Community Corrections | Nonsecure facility that houses offenders and allows them to work, attend school and participate in treatment proggrams
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| Day Reporting Centers | Community based treatment programs
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| Restorative Justice | Perspective that replaces punishment with healing, accountability, and restoring social damages caused by criminal acts
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| Reintegrative Shaming | Restotative justice practice that involves disapproval of deeds and shaming to control wrongdoing in the community
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| Sentancing Circle | In native americna communities where a group of tribal members meet to informally deal with conflicts between group members
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