Autonomic Nervous System
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| What are the main messengers of the endocrine system? | hormones/chief messenger
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| what are hormones? | biological substances that are secreted into the blood stream/biologic messenger travels thru bloodstream-->bathes all the different groups
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| Hormones interact with only Specific receptor for that hormone |
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| How do hormones and receptors fit together" | key/lock where the hormone binds at the site and them has an effect inside cell depending on hormones function
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| How does the messenger and or hormone work" | many different ways/classic path is via bloodstream, circulates the body/attaches to recptor-->effect cell/ OR via diffusion of cell membrane
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| What is periquin function? | when hormones enter the cell w/o use of receptor/right next hormone is cell
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| What is the autocrin function? | cells feeding onto cells/example is the pancreas/insulin secreted after a meal/the insulin goes back on the islet cell and decreases its own secretion
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| How does insulin work in terms of diffusion? | cell in the pancreas makes insulin=I, I goes out to bloodstream and then feeds back on itself to stop further production of Insulin
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| When do neurotransmitters N( substance that the axon release across a synaptic gap) can act as hormones? | e.g. norepinephrine => depends on the location and situation, it can act as either a H such as the adrenal medulla or N
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| Where are Hormones made, where do they go? | Pituitary, the master gland that makes 9 different hormones, released to bloodstream, then out to other glands, stimulating them to secrete hormones that effect target tissue
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| What accounts for production and limits their secretion in the Central System? | Endocrine Loop=Classical endocrine=Negative or Positive loop is effected as peripheral glands' H levels effect the hypothalamus, how it is effecting the pituitary gland, that goes back to pituitary
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| Classic endocrine sys. breaks into 2 systems: Central classic + Free standing | = the brain & cells in the cortex that influence the Hypothalamus (in ANS, is a way- station b/w other brain cells + the pituitary to make Hormones and the ANS gland.
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| What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system? | can be effected by hormones and itself effect hormone secretion
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| How does the Free Standing classic endocrine gland system | pancreas (insulin), parathyroid (4 small glands that sit behind thyroid in the neck)
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| Non-classic organs/endocrine glands | fat cells (secrete H leptin=appetite); stomach (secretes H grellin =stim. appetite); heart (in its walls called atrol..peptide
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| Homeostasis? | Balance of electrolytes, weight, fluid level
there's movement and modulation
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| Relationship b/w the pituitary and hypothalamus | different nuclei make NT help the ant. pituitary to control, effect, modulate: anterior helps the secretion of HL
TRH influences TSH
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| Anterior Pituitary-nuclei make NT-> released into bloodsupply (hydro..oit vascular sys) influence the secreting of the ant. Pit hormones leave capillaries and act on hormone-secreting ant. pituitary cells through the capillaries (p415) | secretes Hs: Growth Hormone; TSH thyroid stimulating H; Follicle stimulating; Lutenizing H LH (both stim. gonad secretion); Prolactin (mammory); Adrenocorticotrophic
ACTH (stimulate adrenal cortex);
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| record 13"40= cascade system | hormones affect the anterior pituitaryTRH thyroidtropin releasing H. ->
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| Feedback loop (above) ie thyroid hormone is low=>hypo releases TSH (releasing hormone)that stimulates | Posterior Pituitary gland - nerve bodies that have axons terminals at back of Pit which secrete hormones at the synapses= in a Cascade system-
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| Posterior Pituitary | have long nerve bodies and secrete Vasopressin (control water retention) and Oxytocin (milk producing and uterus contraction)
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| What determines the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin? | in the supraventricular and perioptic nuclei of the hypothalamus (where it is released) in a direct route
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| Where is the thyroid hormone made? | @ back of the hypothalamus to produce TRH to affects secretion TSH to produce thyroid Hormone secretion comes back and effects Pituitary to
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| How do you assess set points for thyroid function? range of set points w/in for normal =0.4 and | ;affects metabolic rate, when thyroid levels are turned up/down=fast or slow T4=four molecules of iodine parameters by which endocrine levels are maintained
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| =TRF thyroid releasing triggers
TSH
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