AP Psychology History and Approaches
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| applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
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| basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
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| clinical psychology | a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
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| empiricism | the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment.
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| functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
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| natural selection | the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
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| nature-nurture issue | the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
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| psychiatry | a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
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| psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes
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| structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
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| humanistic psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth.
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| levels of analysis | the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
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| biopsychosocial approach | an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
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| counseling psychology | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
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