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PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, CFs, TERMS

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Pancreat/o   pancreas  
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Choledoch/o   bile duct  
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Cholangi/o   bile vessel  
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Chol/e   bile; gall  
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Gloss/o   tongue  
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Lingu/o   tongue  
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Bucc/o   cheek  
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Cheil/o   lip  
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Labi/o   lip  
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Dent/o   teeth  
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Odont/o   teeth  
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Gingiv/o   gums  
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Sial/o   salivary gland  
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Esophag/o   esophagus  
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Pharyng/o   pharynx  
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Gastr/o   stomach  
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Pylor/o   pylorus  
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Jejun/o   jejunum  
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Ile/o   ileum  
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Append/o   appendix  
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Appendic/o   appendix  
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Colon/o   colon  
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Col/o   colon  
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Sigmoid/o   sigmoid  
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Rect/o   rectum  
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An/o   anus  
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Proct/o   rectum, anus  
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Cholecyst/o   gallbladder  
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Hepat/o   liver  
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Celi/o   abdomen  
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Lapar/o   abdomen  
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Abdomin/o   abdomen  
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Peritone/o   peritoneum  
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Diverticul/o   diverticulum  
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Herni/o   hernia  
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Polyp/o   small growth  
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Cholelith/o   gallstone  
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Glomerul/o   glomerulus  
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Nephr/o   kidney  
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Ket/o   ketone bodies  
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Keton/o   ketone bodies  
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Colp/o   vagina  
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Vagin/o   vagina  
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Episi/o   vulva  
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Vulv/o   vulva  
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Ren/o   kidney  
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Urin/o   urine, urinary tract  
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Galact/o   milk  
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Lact/o   milk  
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Pyel/o   renal pelvis  
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Andr/o   male  
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Gynec/o   woman, female  
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Cyst/o   bladder  
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Balan/o   glans penis  
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Hyster/o   uterus, womb  
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Metr/o   uterus, womb  
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Vesic/o   bladder  
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Orch/o   testes  
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Orchi/o   testes  
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Orchid/o   testes  
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Test/o   testes  
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Trigon/o   trigone  
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Leiomy/o   smooth muscle  
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Meat/o   opening, meatus  
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Gonad/o   gonads, sex glands  
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Prostat/o   prostate gland  
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Ureter/o   ureter  
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Urethr/o   urethra  
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Men/o   menses, menstruation  
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Spermat/o   spermatozoa, sperm cells  
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Sperm/o   spermatozoa, sperm cells  
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Ur/o   urine, urinary tract  
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Vas/o   vessel, vas deferens duct  
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Albumin/o   albumin  
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Oophor/o   ovary  
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Ovari/o   ovary  
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Perine/o   perineum  
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Salping/o   tube  
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Azot/o   nitrogenous compounds  
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Kal/i   potassium  
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Cervic/o   cervix uteri, neck  
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Mast/o   breast  
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Mamm/o   breast  
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Nat/o   birth  
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Aliment/o   nutriment; food  
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Or/o   mouth  
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Stomat/o   mouth  
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Duoden/o   duodenum  
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Intestin/o   intestines  
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Enter/o   intestines  
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Amni/o   amnion (amniotic sac)  
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-phasia   speech  
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-pepsia   digestion  
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-phagia   swallowing, eating  
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-metry   act of measuring  
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-osis   abnormal condition, increase  
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-megaly   enlargement  
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-gram   record, writing  
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-graph   instrument for recording  
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-dynia   pain  
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-plasia   formation, growth  
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-rrhexis   rupture  
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-ac   pertaining to  
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-al   pertaining to  
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-ar   pertaining to  
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-ary   pertaining to  
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-eal   pertaining to  
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-ic   pertaining to  
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-ical   pertaining to  
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-ile   pertaining to  
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-ory   pertaining to  
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-ose   pertaining to  
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-ous   pertaining to  
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-tic   pertaining to  
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-lysis   separation, destruction, loosening  
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-cele   hernia, swelling  
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-penia   decrease, deficiency  
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-rrhagia   forth  
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-algia   pain  
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-stomy   forming an opening  
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-scope   instrument to view or examine  
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-iasis   abnormal condition  
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-iatry   medicine, treatment  
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-ase   enzyme  
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-desis   binding, fixation  
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-ia   condition  
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-ism   condition  
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-y   condition  
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-trophy   development, nourishment  
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-plasm   formation, growth  
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-ectasis   dilation, expansion  
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-pexy   suspension, fixation  
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-emia   blood condition  
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-stenosis   narrowing, stricture  
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-lucent   to shine, clear  
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-plasty   surgical repair  
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-rrhea   discharge, flow  
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-tripsy   crushing  
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-scopy   visual examination  
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-oma   tumor  
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-meter   instrument for measuring  
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-clasis   to break  
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-emesis   vomiting  
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-rrhage   bursting  
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-centesis   surgical puncture  
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-lith   stone, calculus  
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-edema   swelling  
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-toxic   poison  
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-tomy   incision  
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-ectomy   excision, removal  
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-rrhaphy   suture  
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-spasm   involuntary contraction, twitching  
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-graphy   process of recording  
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-itis   inflammation  
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-ician   specialist  
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-ist   specialist  
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-malacia   softening  
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-pathy   disease  
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-opaque   obscure  
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Post-   after, behind  
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Peri-   around  
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Dys-   bad, painful, difficult  
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Circum-   around  
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Poly-   much, many  
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Sub-   under, below  
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Dia-   through, across  
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Para-   near, beside, beyond  
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An-   without, not  
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a-   without, not  
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hypo-   under, below  
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post-   after, behind  
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hyper-   excessive, above normal  
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supra-   above, excessive  
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Mastication   The chewing, tearing, and grinding of food by the teeth.  
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deglutition   Swallowing of food  
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peristalsis   The wavelike muscular contractions of the alimentary canal or other tubular structures by which contents are forced onward toward the opening  
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bolus   Ball of food that has been swallowed  
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lumen   a lumen can also be the inside space of a cellular component or structure, such as the endoplasmic reticulum.  
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fundus   upper part of the stomach  
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rugae   longitudinal folds formed when the stomach collapses inward  
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villi   microscopic, finger-like projections on the small intestine where food absorption takes place.  
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metabolism   The sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism.  
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bilirubin   The Orange-yellow pigment of bile, formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs) after termination of their normal lifespan.  
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cholecystokinin   A hormone, produced by the mucosa of the upper intestine, that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and secretion of pancreatic enzymes.  
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chyme   The semi-fluid, homogenous, creamy paste produced by gastric digestion of food.  
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defecation   The elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the rectum.  
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Distension   The state of being distended, swollen, or stretched out.  
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emulsification   The breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles.  
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hydrochloric acid   An acid that is normally present in gastric juices.  
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lipid   Any of a group of fats or fat-like substances that are insoluble in water (i.e. fats and cholesterol) but soluble in fat solvents such as alcohol, ether, and chloroform.  
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mucous membrane   A type of epithelial tissue that lines body surfaces and excretes a thick substance (i.e. the lining of the mouth, the digestive tube, the respiratory passages, and the genitourinary tract.)  
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pepsin   The principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice that begins protein digestion.  
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dental caries   A plaque disease caused by the complex interaction of food, especially starches and sugars, with bacteria that form dental plaque; tooth decay.  
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leukoplakia   A pre-cancerous, slowly developing change in the mucous membrane characterized by thickened, white, firmly attached patches that are slightly raised and sharply circumscribed.  
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periodontal disease   A disease of the supporting structures of the teeth (the periodontium) including the gums and bone structure to which the teeth are anchored.  
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thrush   An infection of the mouth or throat, especially in infants and young children, caused by Candida albicans.  
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esophageal varices   Tortuous (twisted) dilatation of esophageal veins situated at the distal end of the esophagus, especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage.  
🗑
achalasia   An abnormal condition characterized by inability of a muscle to relax, particularly cardiac sphincter of the stomach.  
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gastroesophageal reflux   a backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus; often the result of incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter.  
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pyloric stenosis   A narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.  
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ulcer   A lesion or erosion of the mucous membrane; the major forms are gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.  
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emesis   vomiting  
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celiac disease   An inborn error of metabolism characterized by the inability to hydrolyze peptides contained in gluten.  
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Crohn disease   A chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, although it may affect any portion of the intestinal tract.  
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diverticula; diverticulum   small pouch-like herniations in the intestinal wall  
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dysentery   Inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, which may be caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites.  
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Hirschsprung disease   Congenital absence of autonomic ganglia (groups of nerve cells) in the smooth muscle wall of the colon, which causes poor or absent peristalsis in the involved segment of the colon, accumulation of feces, and dilation of the bowel (megacolon).  
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intestinal obstruction   Partial of complete obstruction of the small or large bowel lumen.  
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intussusception   The sliding of the inner segment of intestine into another segment.  
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irritable bowel syndrome   Chronic or periodic diarrhea alternating with constipation.  
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polyposis coli   A condition of multiple polyps in the large intestine.  
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volvulus   A twisting of the bowel on itself, causing intestinal obstruction.  
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fistula   An abnormal tube-like passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity.  
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hemorrhoids   Dilated, tortuous (twisted) veins in the mucous membranes.  
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cirrhosis   Chronic liver disease characterized by the destruction of liver cells; eventually leads to impaired lever function and jaundice.  
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achlorhydria   Absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.  
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anorexia   Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat.  
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ascites   Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.  
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borborygmus   An audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis.  
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cachexia   A state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting. It may occur in chronic diseases, malignancies, and infections.  
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constipation   A change in normal bowel habits characterized by decreased infrequent, difficult defecation or passage or hard, dry stools; sluggish action of the bowels.  
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diarrhea   A change in bowel habits characterized by the frequent passage of loose, fluid, unformed stools.  
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dyspepsia   A vague feeling of epigastric discomfort, felt after eating.  
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flatus   Air of gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum.  
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hernia   A protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it.  
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jaundice   A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes, caused by higher than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood.  
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melena   Abnormal black tarry stool that has a distinctive odor and contains digested blood.  
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nausea   Unpleasant wave-like sensation in the throat or abdomen, usually proceeding vomiting.  
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pruritus ani   Itching of varying intensity of the skin around the arms.  
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steatorrhea   Higher than normal amounts of fat in the feces.  
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Barium enema   Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following administration of barium sulfate into the rectum.  
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Barium swallow   Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate.  
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Cholangiography   Radiographic examination for outlining the major bile ducts by intravenous injection or direct instillation of a radiopaque contrast medium.  
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fluoroscopy   A radiographic technique for visually examining a part of the body or the function of an organ with a fluoroscope.  
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endoscopy   Visualization of the interior of organs and cavities of the body with an endoscope.  
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esophagoscopy   Visualization of the esophagus with an endoscope.  
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gastroscopy   Visual examination of the stomach.  
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colonoscopy   Visualization of the colon with an endoscope.  
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stool guaiac   Test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect the presence of blood in the feces that is not apparent on visual inspection.  
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biopsy   Removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination, usually to establish or confirm a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of a disease.  
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aspiration   Removal of living tissue, for microscopic examination, by suction through a fine needle attached to a syringe.  
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anastomosis   Surgical connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.  
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lithotripsy   A procedure for eliminating a calculus in the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder.  
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paracentesis   Surgical puncture of the peritoneal cavity to withdraw fluid.  
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gastric lavage   Washing out of the stomach.  
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nasogastric intubation   Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, gastric secretions, or food.  
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laparoscopic surgery   the performance of surgical procedures with the assistance of a video camera and several thin instruments.  
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antacids   Drugs that exert a therapeutic effect by neutralizing acid, especially in the stomach and duodenum.  
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antidiarrheals   Drugs that relieve diarrhea either by absorbing the excess fluids that cause diarrhea or by lessening intestinal motility, allowing more time for absorption of water.  
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Antiemetics, antinauseants   Drugs that prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting, mainly by acting on brain control centers to stop nerve impulses.  
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antiflatulents   Drugs that reduce the feeling of gaseousness and flatulence accompanying indigestion.  
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bismuth compounds   Agents that may be used for protective effects in ulcer disease and for mild to moderate diarrhea.  
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emetics   Agents that induce vomiting, especially in cases of poisoning.  
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H2 blockers   Drugs used to treat ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease by blocking the release of acid in the gastric parietal cells, which line the stomach.  
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mucosal protective agents   Agents that act topically on the ulcer surface and bind directly to necrotic areas, forming a protective layer over the ulcer, allowing it to heal.  
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prostaglandins   Substances that inhibit acid secretion and stimulate the production of protective mucus bicarbonate.  
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proton pump inhibitors   Specifically inhibit acid production; used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease.  
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electrolyte   A substance that, when dissolved in water, can be conduct an electric current.  
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enzyme   A substance, usually a protein, that affects the rate of chemical changes; breakdown complex foods into simpler foods.  
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erectile tissue   Vascular tissue that becomes erect or rigid when filled with blood, such as the clitoris, penis, or nipples.  
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filtrate   The fluid that has been passed through a filter.  
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gamete   A mature male or female reproductive cell; the spermatozoon or ovum.  
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gonads   Primary reproductive organs  
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homeostasis   A relative constancy or equilibrium in the internal environment of the body.  
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ions   Electrically charged particles.  
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permeate   To pass through the substance or mass of; to penetrate and spread through, as water will permeate blotting paper.  
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micturation   The passing of urine  
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testosterone   A naturally occurring androgenic hormone formed in greatest quantities by the testes.  
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testis (testes)   Male gonads or testicles.  
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vascular   Composed of or pertaining to a blood vessel .  
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vasoconstriction   Narrowing of the blood vessels.  
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void   To empty of evacuate, such as urine from the bladder.  
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anteversion   A tipping forward of an organ as a while, without bending.  
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atrophy   A wasting; a decrease in size of an organ or tissue due to disease or other influences.  
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CA 125   A glycoprotein found in the blood serum of patients with ovarian or other glandular cell carcinomas. Increasing levels of this antigen represent continuing tumor growth, which may indicate a poor prognosis.  
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carcinoma in situ   A lesion characterized by cytological changes of the type associated with invasive carcinoma, but limited to a localized area without evidence of extension to adjacent structures.  
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fertilization   The union of the male and female sex cells to produce a fertilized egg from which the embryo develops.  
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gestation   The length of time from conception to birth.  
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graafian follicle   A mature follicle of the ovary that ruptures during ovulation to release an ovum.  
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gravida   A pregnant woman. The term is used with numerals to indicate the number of times a woman has been pregnant.  
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lactation   The process of synthesis and secretion of milk from the breasts in nourishment of an infant or child.  
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menarche   The first menstrual period, usually during puberty.  
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orifice   The entrance or outlet of any anatomic structure, such as the mouth, vagina, or anus.  
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ovulation   The periodic ripening and rupture of the mature graafian follicle and the discharge of the ovum from the ovary as part of a monthly cycle that leads to fertilization or menstruation.  
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para   A woman who has produced a viable infant regardless of whether the infant is alive at birth.  
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parturition   The process of giving birth.  
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retroversion   A turning, or a state of being turned back; especially the tipping of an entire organ.  
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spermatozoa   Mature male germ cells that develop in the testes.  
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glomerulonephritis   an inflammatory disease of both kidneys  
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renal calculi   kidney stones  
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urgency   a sudden, compelling urge to urinate  
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incontinence   any involuntary leakage of urine  
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end-stage renal disease   The final phase of a kidney disease process.  
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interstitial nephritis   Nephritis associated with pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agent such as a drug or chemical.  
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nephrotic syndrome   A condition characterized by the presence of kidney stones, also called renal calculi, in which there are degenerative changes in the kidneys.  
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nocturia   Excessive urination at night.  
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oliguria   Diminished or scanty urination in relation to fluid intake.  
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polycystic kidney   A hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain may cysts.  
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renal hypertension   High blood pressure resulting form a kidney disease.  
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Wilms tumor   Rapidly developing, malignant kidney tumor that usually occurs in children.  
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benign prostatic hyperplasia   A non-malignant enlargement of the prostate due to excessive growth of prostatic tissue.  
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epispadias   A congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis, near the glans penis, instead of at the tip.  
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hydrocele   An accumulation of fluid in any sac-like cavity or duct, particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord.  
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hypospadias   A congenital defect in which the male urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis instead of at the tip.  
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polydipsia   Excessive thirst.  
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impotence   The inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection.  
🗑
phimosis   Stenosis of perpetual orifice in which the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis.  
🗑
prostatic cancer   A malignant neoplasm of the prostate tissue, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra.  
🗑
prostatism   any condition of the prostate gland that interferes with the flow of urine from the bladder.  
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chlamydial infection   An infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.  
🗑
genital wart   A wart of the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).  
🗑
gonorrhea   An infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.  
🗑
herpes genitalis   An infection of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).  
🗑
syphilis   An infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and characterized by lesions that may involve any organ or tissue.  
🗑
trichomoniasis   An infection of the vagina, urethra, or prostate caused by the bacterium Trichomona vaginalis.  
🗑
varicocele   Swollen, enlarged, herniated veins near the testis.  
🗑
premenstrual syndrome   A syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, headache, mastalgia, dysphoria, and lack of coordination occurring during the last few days of the menstrual cycle before the onset of menses.  
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fibrocystic breast disease   The presence of single or multiple cysts that are palpable in the breasts.  
🗑
fibroma, fibroid   A benign neoplasm consisting of fibrous, encapsulated connective tissue.  
🗑
hydatidiform mole   An intrauterine polycystic mass in which the chorionic villi have undergone cystic degeneration causing a rapid growth of the uterus with hemorrhage.  
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ovarian cyst   A globular sac filled with fluid or semidolid material that develops in or on the ovary.  
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dermoid cyst   Cyst lines with various cell types and containing fatty material, hair, teeth, and bits of bone and cartilage.  
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follicle cyst   Cyst that originates in an unruptures graafian follicle.  
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luteal cyst   Cyst that develops when the corpus luteum fails to regress.  
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carcinoma   Malignant neoplasm.  
🗑
candidiasis   Infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of Candida, but chiefly C. albicans.  
🗑
pelvic inflammatory disease   Infection of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures.  
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toxic shock syndrome   A rare and sometimes fatal disease caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus.  
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abruptio placentae   Premature detachment of a normally situated placenta after the 20th week of gestation.  
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breech presentation   Intrauterine position of the fetus in which the buttocks or feet present first.  
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eclampsia   The gravest form of pregnancy-induced hypertension.  
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ectopic pregnancy   Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity.  
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placenta previa   A placenta that is abnormally implanted in the uterus so that it impinges on or covers the internal os of the uterine cervix.  
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pre-eclampsia   A complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema.  
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Down syndrome   Chromosomal abnormality that results in mild to severe mental retardation and other abnormalities.  
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hyaline membrane disease   Respiratory condition that primarily occurs in the premature neonate.  
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kernicterus   An abnormal toxic accumulation of bilirubin in the central nervous system tissues caused by high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream of a neonate.  
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pyloric stenosis   A congenital defect in which narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach causes an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.  
🗑
intravenous pyelogram   Procedure in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization and important information of the entire urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.  
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renal scan   An imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape.  
🗑
voiding cystourethrogram   Radiography of the bladder and urethra after the introduction of a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine.  
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blood urea nitrogen   A test that measures the amount of urea normally excreted by the kidneys into the blood.  
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prostate-specific antigen   Blood test to screen for prostate cancer.  
🗑
urinalysis   A physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of the urine.  
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catheterization   Insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or to remove a fluid.  
🗑
digital rectal examination   Insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate.  
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percutaneous renal biopsy   Obtaining renal tissue for analysis by use of a needle inserted through the skin.  
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circumcision    
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extracorporeal shock-wave   A non-invasive procedure to break up kidney stones. The shock waves are focused on the stones, disintegrating them and permitting their passage in the urine.  
🗑
lithotripsy   A procedure for eliminating a calculus in the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder.  
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stent placement   Use of a device to hold open vessels, tubes, or an obstructed ureter.  
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hemodialysis   A method of providing the function of the kidneys by circulating tubes made in semipermeable membranes.  
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peritoneal dialysis   Dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity is used as the dialyzing membrane.  
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breast biopsy   Obtaining a tissue sample for microscopic analysis to detect the presence of carcinoma.  
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chorionic villus sampling   A procedure for withdrawing bits of the chrionic villi from the placenta for examination.  
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Papanicolaou test   Microscopic analysis of cells taken from the cervix and vagina to detect the presence of carcinoma.  
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breast reconstruction   Plastic surgical procedure performed following mastectomy.  
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conization   Excision of a cone of tissue, such as the mucous membrane of the cervix, for biopsy.  
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cryosurgery   The use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue.  
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dilation & curettage   Dilation of the uterine cervix canal of the uterus and scraping of the endometrium of the uterus.  
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lumpectomy   Surgical excision of a tumor, such as a breast tumor, without removing large amounts of surrounding tissue.  
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tubal ligation   Sterilization procedure that involves blocking both fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and typing them off.  
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abortion   The termination of pregnancy before the fetus reached the stage of viability; may be spontaneous or induced.  
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cesarean section   Removal of the fetus by abdominal incision into the uterus.  
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cauterization   The use of chemicals or an electrically heated instrument to burn and destroy abnormal tissue.  
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cerclage   An obstetric procedure in which a non-absorbable suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in a woman who has an incomplete cervix.  
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epidural anesthesia   Pain management by injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space, usually in the lumbar area, during labor.  
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intrauterine device   Contraceptive device that consists of a bent strip of radioplaque plastic with a fine monofilament tail that is inserted into the uterus by a gynecologist.  
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analgesics   Drugs that relieve pain without affecting consciousness.  
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antibiotics   Drugs that combat bacterial infection and have the ability to inhibit or kill foreign organisms within the body.  
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antispasmodics   Drugs that relieve spasms and act to relax the smooth muscle in the wall of the urethra, bladder, and intestine, allowing normal urination.  
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diuretics   Substances that increase the rate of secretion.  
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potassium supplements   Supplements used concurrently with many diuretics to counteract the potassium-depletion effect.  
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sulfonamides   Substances used to treat UTIs.  
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urinary alkalinizers   Substances that inhibit stone formation by reducing urine acidity.  
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uricosurics   Substances used to treat gout because they increase urinary excretion of uric acid.  
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estrogen hormones   Substances that suppress gonadotropic and testicular androgenic hormones in men.  
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gonadotropins   Hormonal preparations used to raise sperm count in infertility cases.  
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spermicidals   Substances that destroy sperm and are often used within the woman’s vagina for contraception.  
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antiestrogens   Agents used to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer and to treat metastatic breast cancer.  
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antifungals   Agents used to treat fungal infections.  
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oral contraceptives   Birth control pills that exert a hormonal influence to prevent pregnancy.  
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oxytocins   Agents that stimulate the uterus to contract, thus inducing labor.  
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progestins   A large group of synthetic drugs that have a progesterone-like effect on the uterus; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding due to hormonal imbalance.  
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selective estrogen receptor modulators   Drugs that function like estrogen in some tissues but block the effect of estrogen in others; have estrogen-like effects on bone, increasing bone mineral density and decreasing cholesterol levels.  
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