maps, scale, space, and place
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| Absolute distance | the distance that can be measuredwith a standard unit of length
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| absolute location | the exact position of an object or place, measured within the coordinates of a grid system
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| Accessibility | The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place
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| Azimuthal projection | a map projection in which the plane is the most developable surface
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| Breaking point | the outer edge of a city`s sphere of influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city`s hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supply
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| Cartograms | A type of thematic map that transforms space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area
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| chloropleth map | A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial dataas average values per unit area
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| cognitive map | An image of a portion of the earths surface that an individual creates in his or her mind
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| complementarity | the actual or potential relationship between two places usualy refering to economic interactions
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| connectivity | the degree of economic, social cultural, or political connection between two places
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| contagious diffusion | the spread of a disease, innovation, or cultural trait through direct contact with another person or place
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| coordinate system | A standard grid, composed of lines of lattitude and longitude, used to determine the absolute location of any object on es surface
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| distance decay effect | the decrease in interaction between two phenomena, places, or people as the distance between them increases
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| Dot maps | Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations and occurences
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| Expansion diffusion | the spread of phenomena to surrounding areas through contact and exchange
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| Friction of distance | A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places
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| fuller projection | a type of map projection that maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearanges direction such that the four cardinal directions have no meaning
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| geoid | the actual shape of the earth wich is rough and oblate
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| gravity model | a mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places based on the size of their populations and their distance apart
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| hazards | anything in the landscape real or perceived that is potential threatening
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| hierarchical diffusion | a type of diffusion in which something is transmitted between places because of something the places have in common
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| international date line | the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian
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| interveneing oppurtunnities | the idea that one place has a demand for some good or service and 2 places have a supply of equal price and quality then the closer of the two suppliers to the buyer will represent an intervening oppurtunity
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| isoline | map line that connects points of equal or very similar values
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| Large scale | a relatively small ration between map units and ground units.Large scale maps usually have a higher resolution and cover much smaller regions than large scale maps
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| Lattitude | The angular distance north or south of the equater, defined by lines of lattitude or parallels
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| Law of retail gravitation | Law that states that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct their business because larger cities have a wider influence on the hinterlands around them
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| Location charts | on a map a chart or graph that gives specific statistical information of a particular political unit or jurisdiction
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| Longitude | the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian, defined by lines of longitude or meridians
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| Map projection | A mathematical method that involves transfering the earths sphere onto a flat surface. All map projections have distortions
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| Mercator projection | a True conformal cylindrical map projection , this projection is particularly useful for navigation because it mantains accurate direction, famouis for its severe size distortion near the poles
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| meridian | A line of longitude that runs north-south .All lines of longitude are equal in length and intersect at the poles
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| parallel | An east-west line of lattitude that runs parallel to th equater and that marks distance north or south of the equater
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| preference map | a map that displays individual preferences for certain places
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| prime meridian | an imaginary line passing through the royal observatory in Greenwich, England, which marks the 0 degree lne of longitude
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| proportional symbols map | A thematic map in which the size of a chosen symbol indicates the relative magnitude of some statistical value for a given geographic region
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| Reference map | a map type that shows reference info for a particular place, whcihc makes it useful for finding landmarks and navigating
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| relative distance | a measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance seperating two places. Often describes the amount of connectivity between the two places
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| Relative location | the position of a place relative to places around it
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| relocation diffusion | the diffusion of phenomena through migration from one place to another
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| Resolution | A maps smallest discernable unit
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| robinson projection | projection that attempts to balance several possible projection errors.it does not completely accurately mantain area shape distance or direction but it minimizes errors in each
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| scale | the ratio between the size of an area on a map and the actual size of that same area on the earths surface
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| site | the absolute location of a place, described by local releif, landforms and other cultural physical characteristics
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| situation | the relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area and the connections and interdependencies within that system;a places spatial context
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| small-scale | map scale ratio in which the ratio of units on the map to units on the earth is quite small. usually depist large areas
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| spatial diffusion | spatial diffusion refers to the ways in which phenomena such as technological innovations, cultural trends, or even outbreaks of disease travel over space
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| thematic map | a type of map that displays one or more variables such as population or income level within a specific area
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| time-space convergence | the idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology allows more rapid cummunication and increased cummunication in those places
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| Topographic maps | maps that use isolines to represent constant elevations.
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| Topological space | the amount of connectivity between places regardless of the absolute distance seperating them
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| transferability | the costs involved in moving goods from one place to another
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| visualization | use of sophisticated software to create dynamic computer maps, some of which are three dimensional or interactive
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Created by:
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