Words for Science FCAT
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| an environmental factor not associated with living organism | Abiotic
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| velocity/time; rate of change in velocity, usually expressed in meters per second squared | Acceleration
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| the extent to which a measurement is near the standard or expected value | Accuracy
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| a particular change in a population of organisms, in response to changes in the populations | Adaptation
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| force of air on moving objects | Air Resistance
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| any alternate form of a gene that an organism may have for a particular trait | Allele
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| in any periodic function (e.g., a wave) the distance between the position of rest and the highest point of a wave. | Amplitude
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| new individuals are formed without the involvement of gametes (ie, budding) | Asexual reproduction
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| the layers of gas that surround Earth, other planets, or stars | Atmosphere
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| the smallest unit of matter | Atom
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| the imaginary line on which an object rotates (runs through Earth between the North Pole and the South Pole) | Axis
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| the existence of different species in a given area or specific period of time | Biodiversity
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| factors in an environment relating to living organisms | Biotic
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| unit of energy; the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure | Calorie
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| animal or plant that consume or obtains nutrients from animals; meat-eater | Carnivore
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| the force on an object toward the center of the circle | Centripetal Force
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| a physical change that occurs when matter changes to a liquid, gas, or solid | Change of State
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| a change in a substance that results in producing a different chemical | Chemical Change
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| the breakdown of rocks as a result of chemical processes | Chemical Weathering
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| connection of electrical elements forming a complete path for the flow of current | Circuit
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| all the populations belonging to different species and sharing the same area | Community
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| a substance made up of at least two different elements held together by chemical bonds | Compound
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| the relative amount of a particular substance | Concentration
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| the process of changing from a gas to a liquid | Condensation
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| direct heating; the transmission of heat through a medium and without the motion of the medium | Conduction
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| controlled use and/or maintenance of natural resources; efforts to preserve or protect those resources. | Conservation
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| a fundamental principle stating energy cannot be created or destroyed but only change form | Conservation of energy
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| the principle that mass cannot be created or destroyed | Conservation of Mass
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| a star pattern identified and named as a definite group; usually thought of as forming certain shapes or figures in a specific region of the sky | Constellation
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| an organism that feeds on another organism for food | Consumer
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| heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another | Convection
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| the peak or highest point on a wave | Crest
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| outermost layer of Earth covering the mantle | Crust
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| any organism that feeds or obtains nutrients by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms | Decomposer
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| concentration of matter of an object; number of individual in the same species that live in a given area; the mass per unit volume of a substance in a given area | Density
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| factor being measured or observed in an experiment | Dependent Variable/ Responding Variable
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| layering matter in a natural process | Deposition
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| the bending of a wave around an obstruction | Diffraction
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| tendency of certain alleles to mask the expression of their corresponding alleles | Dominance
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| shaking of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy in the crust | Earthquake
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| an ecological community, together with its environment, functioning as a unit | Ecosystem
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| the relative effectiveness of a system or device determined by comparing input and output | Efficiency
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| the emission of the entire range of electromagnetic spectrum including: gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, and radio waves | Electromagnetic Radiation
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| a stable elementary particle that is negatively charged and orbits the nucleus of an atom | Electron
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| a substance that cannot be reduced by chemical means | Element
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| a quantity that describes the capacity to do work; a source of usable power | Energy
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| diagram that compares the amount of energy available at each position, or level, in the feeding order | Energy Pyramid
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| a change of energy from one form to another (e.g., mechanical to electrical, solar to electrical) | Energy Transfer
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| a measure of randomness or disorder of a closed system | Entropy
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| the sum of conditions affecting an organism, including all living and nonliving things in an area, such as plants, animal, water, soil, weather, land forms, and air | Environment
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| an imaginary circle around Earth’s surface located between the poles and that divides the Northern and Southern Hemispheres | Equator
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| the wearing away of Earth’s surface by the breakdown and transportation of rock and soil | Erosion
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| the process by which a liquid is converted to its vapor phase by heating the liquid | Evaporation
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| a procedure that is carried out and repeated under controlled conditions in order to discover, demonstrate, or test, a hypothesis; includes all components of the scientific method | Experiment
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| transfer of energy through various stages as a result of feeding patterns of a series of organisms | Food Chain
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| the interconnected feeding relationships in a food chain found in a particular place and time | Food Web (cycle)
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| a quality that tends to produce movement or acceleration of a body on the direction of its application; a push or pull | Force
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| a whole or part of a plant or animal that has been preserved in sedimentary rock | Fossil
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| the remains of animals or plant from past geologic ages that are now in a form suitable for use as an energy resource (e.g., oil, coal, or natural gas) | Fossil Fuels
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| the number of cycles or waves per unit time | Frequency
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| a force that opposes the relative motion of two material surfaces in contact with one another | Friction
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| the pivot point of a lever | Fulcrum
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| a large collection of stars, gases, and dust that are part of the universe bound together by gravitational forces | Galaxy
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| one of the fundamental states of matter in which the molecules do not have a fixed volume or shape | Gas
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| a force of attraction between two masses | Gravitation
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| the observed affect of the force of gravitation | Gravity
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| a place in an ecosystem where an organism normally lives | Habitat
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| a form of energy resulting from the temperature difference between a system and its surroundings | Heat
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| an animal that feeds on plants | Herbivore
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| cell or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait | Heterozygous
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| cell or organism that has identical alleles for a particular trait | Homozygous
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| A type of rock formed from molten or partly molten material that cools and hardens | Igneous Rock
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| a type of simple machine; a slanted surface that makes it easier to move a mass from a lower point to a higher point | Inclined Plane
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| the factor that is changed in an experiment in order study changes in the dependent (responding) variable | Independent/ Manipulated Variable
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| the property of an object, due to its mass, by which it resists any change in its position unless overcome by force | Inertia
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| a procedure that is carried out in order to observe a response caused by a stimulus; not a complete experiment | Investigation
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| the energy possessed by a body because of its motion | Kinetic Energy
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| a type of simple machine; consists of a rigid bar that pivots about a fulcrum, used to transmit and enhance power or motion | Lever
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| the entire sequence of event’s in an organism’s growth and development | Life-Cycle
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| electromagnetic radiation that lies within the visible range | Light
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| one of the fundamental states of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape | Liquid
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| having the property of attracting iron and certain othermaterials by virtue of a surrounding field of force | Magnetic
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| the region where magnetic force exists around magnets or electric currents | Magnetic Field
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| the amount of matter an object contains | Mass
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| a solid, liquid, or gas that possesses inertia and is capable of occupying space | Matter
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| the process of nuclear division in cells during which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half | Meiosis
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| It forms because of extreme changes caused by heat, pressure, or chemical environments | Metamorphic Rock
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| relating to an object too small to be visible without the use of an instrument used for enlargement | Microscopic
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| a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells during which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes | Mitosis
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| the product of a thorough blending of two or more substances, not chemically combined | Mixture
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| the smallest unit of matter of a substance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that substance; consists of a single atom or a group of atoms bonded together | Molecule
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| a natural satellite that revolves around a planet | Moon
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| indicates the fraction of the Moon’s disc that is illuminated as seen from Earth | Moon Phase
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| periodic rise and fall of sea-level that occurs twice-monthly when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are at right angles to each other | Neap Tide
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| a particle, object, or system with no a net charge | Neutral
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| a subatomic particle having zero charge, found in the nucleus of an atom | Neutron
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| a substance & or material that can only be replenished over millions of years; cannot be reused (i.e., fossil fuels) | Nonrenewable Resource
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| a cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material; also the center region of an atom where protons and neutrons are located | Nucleus
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| a depression on the surface of Earth occupied by water | Ocean Basin
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| a structure containing different tissues that are organized to carry out a specific function of the body | Organ
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| any living thing that shows the characteristics necessary for life | Organism
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| a chemical process by which plants trap light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates (sugars) | Photosynthesis
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| a reaction; a change in matter from one form to another, without forming new substances | Physical Change
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| a large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce light of its own | Planet
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| theory in which Earth’s crust is divided into sections whose movements cause seismic activity (i.e., earthquakes, volcanoes) along their borders | Plate Tectonics
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| any alteration of the natural environment producing a condition harmful to living organisms; may occur naturally or as a result of human activities | Pollution
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| a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific geographical area | Population
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| stored energy; the energy an object has because of its position or structure | Potential Energy
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| an organism that preys on and eats animals; usually an animal | Predator
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| the force exerted per unit area | Pressure
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| an organism caught or hunted for food by another organism | Prey
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| a piece of glass that disperses a beam of white light into its component colors | Prism
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| an organism that makes its own food from the environment | Producer
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| unicellular organisms belonging to the Kingdom Protista | Protist
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| a subatomic particle having a positive charge and which is found in the nucleus of an atom | Proton
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| a type of simple machine; circular lever used to change the direction of a force | Pulley
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| a graphic check board used to determine results from a particular genetic cross | Punnett Square
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| emission of energy in the form of rays or waves | Radiation
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| an allele for a trait that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for this trait | Recessive
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| the bouncing off of light, sound, or heat from a surface | Reflection
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| a change in the direction of a wave that occurs as it passes from one medium to another of different density | Refraction
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| a material or substance that is replaced or restored, as it is used, by natural processes in a reasonable amount of time | Renewable Resource
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| any material that can be used to satisfy a need | Resource
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| a plan of inquiry that uses science process skills as tools to gather, organize, analyze, and communicate information | Scientific Method
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| a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder | Screw
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| formed from layers of sediment that overlay and squeeze together or are chemically combined | Sedimentary Rock
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| involves the union of gametes producing an offspring with traits from both parents | Sexual Reproduction
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| a star and all planets and other bodies that orbit it; the region in space where these bodies move | Solar System
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| having a definite shape and a definite volume; one of the fundamental states of matter | Solid
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| a mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase | Solution
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| an instrument that uses a prism to separate and catalog light wavelengths | Spectroscope
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| amount of distance traveled divided by time taken; the time-rate at which any physical process takes place | Speed
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| increased range of the rise and fall of sea level that occurs twice monthly at when the Earth, moon and sun are aligned | Spring Tide
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| a large, self-luminous body held together by gravity and powered by thermonuclear reactions | Star
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| the closest star to Earth and the center of our solar system | Sun
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| a set of objects, organisms, or different parts acting to form a whole | System
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| internal energy found by adding the kinetic energy of particles making up a substance | Thermal Energy
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| similar cells acting to perform a specific function; four basic types are muscle, connective, nerve, and epidermal | Tissue
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| the surface, shape, and composition of a land area | Topography
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| the motion of an organism or part of an organism toward or away from an external stimulus | Tropism
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| the lowest point on a wave | Trough
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| the total sum of all matter and energy that exists | Universe
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| an event, condition, or factor that can be changed or controlled in order to study or test a hypothesis in a scientific experiment | Variable
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| the time rate at which a body changes its position vector; quantity whose magnitude is expressed in units of distanceover time | Velocity
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| a repetitive movement around an equilibrium point | Vibration
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| a non-cellular, disease-causing particle that uses the genetic material from its host to reproduce | Virus
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| a vent or fissure in Earth’s surface through which magma and its associated materials are expelled | Volcano
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| a measure of the amount of space an object takes up; also the loudness of a sound or signal. | Volume
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| the path it takes as it is being cycled through the environment, including condensation, evaporation, and precipitation | Water Cycle
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| the distance between crests of a wave | Wavelength
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| the natural processes that break down and change rock into soil, sand, and other materials | Weathering
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| a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane used to separate two objects | Wedge
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| a type of simple machine, a circular frame or disk revolving around a central axis | Wheel and Axle
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