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Holt Sociology, Chapter 13.1: Economics Vocabulary

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Economic Institution   the system of roles and norms that a society develops to govern production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services  
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Factors of Production   resources needed to produce goods and services: Land, Labor, Capital, and Entrepreneurship  
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Primary Sector   the extraction of raw materials from the environment. Ex: fishing, mining, farming, etc.  
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Secondary Sector   the use of raw materials to manufacture goods  
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Tertiary Sector   providing services  
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Capitalism   factors of production are owned by individuals rather than by the government. Forces of profit and competition regulate economic activity  
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Socialism   factors of production are owned by the government, which regulates economic activity  
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Law of Supply   producers will supply more products when they can charge higher prices and fewer products when they must charge lower prices  
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Law of Demand   consumers will demand more of a product as the product decreases, but will demand less of a product as the price increases  
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Laissez-Faire Capitalism   literally, “let the people do as they choose” – pure capitalism  
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Free-Enterprise Systems   Minimal interference from government, but there are regulations to protect consumers and promote fair business practices  
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Communism   a political and economic system in which property is communally owned  
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Totalitarianism   those in power exercise complete authority over the lives of individual citizens  
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Corporations   a business organization that is owned by stockholders and is treated by law as if it were an individual person  
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Oligopoly   the market situation where a few large companies control an industry  
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Protectionism   the use of trade barriers to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition  
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Free Trade   trade that is not restricted by trade barriers between countries  
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Multinational   a corporation that has factories and offices in several countries  
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E-Commerce   business conducted over the Internet, based on information instead of the traditional factors of production  
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