Definitions from Philosophy class
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Vagueness | unknown whether phrase is applicable not based on lack of knowledge but because of "boarderline cases"
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| Ambiguity | Phrase with two or more distinct meanings; situation does not specify which meaning is intended
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| Definiendum | Phrase, word, or symbol being defined
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| Definiens | Definition or that which is used to explain the prhase, word, or symbol in question
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| Denotation | Dictionary definition of a term
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| Reportive | connotative meaning of the word; how people actually use it; can be true or false
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| Stipulative | A meaning is assigned to a word; can be a new meaning given to a previously used word or a new word used to specifically describe something
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| Enumerative | defining by giving a list of examples
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| Ostensive | Pointing to something and saying "that, is a 'blank'"
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| Operational | determines whether a phrase is correctly applied (very much like reportive, watch out); "X has property if and only if Y is the case"
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| Necessary | The individual attributes that are required to describe the example
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| Sufficient | All of the necessary conditions required to dertermine whether an object has a particular concept
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| Cluster Concept | Relevent, but not always necessary conditions used to describe a particular subject
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| Ad Hominem Abusive | Attacks speaker's character, background, associates, or competence
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| Ad Hominem Genetic | Attacks origin of person's beliefs or viewpoint
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| Ad Hominem Cicumstantial | Attacks person's interest in having others accept their position
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| Ad Hominem You-Too | Attacks the fact that the speaker does not practice what they are preaching
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| Appeal to Tradition | Claims a belief or practice should not be altered simply because it "has always been that way"
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| Appeal to Ignorance | If X isn't proven, it's false; if X isn't disproven, it's true
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| Slippery Slope | X cannot happen because horrible things Y Z and Q will happen because of it, ending in disaster.
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| Begging the Question | An argument that just restates its own conclusion, instead of actually giving a premise
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| False Dilemma | Only a limited number of conclusions are given, assuming one other the other must be true, and other possible conclusions are ignored
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