*WAHS TAKS Science: Earth & Elements
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Matter | states of energy on earth, including solid, liquid, and gas
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| Fluids | matter that flows, takes the shape of its container
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| Viscosity | a fluid’s resistance to flow; high
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| Buoyancy | the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it
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| Density | the mass per unit volume; depends on temperature, warmer
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| Permeability | the rate of flow of a liquid or gas through a porous material
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| Infiltration (water) | the process of water entering the soil
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| Pressure | force exerted per unit area; related to particles and their motion; warmer means more pressure
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| Mass | the amount of matter in an object
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| Volume | the amount of space occupied by an object
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| Polarity | the imbalance of charges in a molecule
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| Ions | a charged particle with an imbalance between electrons and protons
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| Base | a substance that forms hydroxide ions in a water solution; slippery, cleansers
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| Acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution; sour, corrosive
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| Acidity | how well or poorly a compound ionizes (separates into ions) when dissolved in water
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| Element | pure chemical substances
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| Bonding | when elements share electrons to form compounds
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| Compounds | when two or more elements combine chemically
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| Mixtures | material made up of two or more pure substances
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| Single-Displacement Reaction | when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another
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| Ion Concentration | the number of ions present when an ionic compound dissolves in water, it dissociates, and ions form
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| pH levels | the measure of hydronium ions in a solution, from 0 – 14, with 0 being highly acidic, and 14 being highly basic
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| Electrolytic Behavior | compounds that break down into ions in water, and can conduct electricity
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| Chemical Stability | a complete outer level of electrons (two or eight/octet)
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| Valence | outer layer of electrons, determines chemical properties of an atom
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| Covalence | the ability of an element to bond with other elements by sharing electrons across a bond
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| Electron Configuration | the arrangement of electrons around a proton/neutron nucleus
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| Periodic Table | list of chemical elements; based on patterns of atomic mass
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| Periodic Table - First column | mainly soft metals that react readily with other elements
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| Periodic Table - Last Column | gases that do NOT react readily with other elements
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| Physical Changes | the identity of the material does not change, only the state/form does
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| Chemical Changes | the identity of the material does change chemically; such as energy change, color or odor change, or released gas
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| Chemical Equations | substances going into a reaction (reactants) must equal/balance substances produced by the reaction (products)
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| Balanced Coefficient Ratio | the numbers written BEFORE the elements in a chemical equation; both sides need to be balanced in element quantity
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| Phase Changes of Matter | solids, liquids, and gases
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| Water as Universal Solvent | it dissolves more materials than most other solvents due to polarity (molecule charge imbalance)
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| Reactivity | chemical reactions occurring when particle collisions take place
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| Nature of Solute and Solvent | the content of molecules that determine how they dissolve
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| Solubility | the amount of solute at a specific temperature and pressure
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| Solute | the substance that is dissolved in another substance
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| Rock Cycle Stages | the 3 phases of rock formation (Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary)
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| Igneous | rocks formed mainly by heat
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| Metamorphic | rocks formed mainly by pressure
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| Sedimentary | rocks formed mainly by deposits and erosion
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