Stack #37972
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| Nervous System | helps to maintain homeostasis by sresponding to conditions within and outside of the body; done by a stimulus
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| Stimulus | something that causes activity that the nervous system detects and responds to
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| Structural Divisions | CNS, peripheral nervous system
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) | includes the brain and the spinal cord
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| Peripheral Nervous System | all of the other nerves outside of the CNS
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| Cranial Nerves | carry impulses to and from the brain
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| Spinal Nerves | carry messages to and from the spinal cord
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| Functional Divisions | made up of effectors; somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system
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| Effectors | any tissue or organ that carries out a demand from the nervous system, all of which are muscles or glands
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| Somatic Nervous System | voluntary nervous system; comprised of the skeletal muscles
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| Autonomic Nervous System | involuntary nervous system; comprised of the visceral nervous system; controls the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands and organs
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| Autonomic Nervous System | includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
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| Sympathetic Nervous System | adrenergic nervous system
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System | cholinergic nervous system
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| Nerve Cells | neuron, axon, myelin, neurilemma
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| Neuron | the functioning cell of the nervous system
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| Dendrites | nerve cell fibers that conduct impulses to the cell body; the receptors receive the stimuli
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| Axon | nerve cell fiber that conducts impulses away from the cell body
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| Myelin | insulation around the axon; insulates and protects; white matter is myelinated; gray matter is non-myelinated
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| Neurilemma | covering that helps peripheral nerves to repair themselves when injured; not present on the brain and spinal cord
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| Types of Neurons | afferent, efferent
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| Afferent | sensory type; conduct impulses to the spinal cord or the brain
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| Efferent | motor type; conduct impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands; (think effort)
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| Nerve Impulses | positive or negative charge
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| Ions | on outside of cell (positive outside negative inside)nerve impulse going 2 start when process reverses;action potential
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| Action Potential | sudden electrical change in the membrane of a nerve cell; occurs very quickly and reverses again due to shifts in sodium and potassium; spreads along as a nerve impulse and the myelin speeds this process along
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| Synapse | junction between two neurons where impulses are passed along from cell to cell
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| Neurotransmitter | chemicals that will excite or inhibit a nerve cell; adrenaline, acetylcholine
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| Receptors | special sites that pick up and respond to the neurotransmitter; neurons do not touch, they are separated by a synaptic cleft
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| Reflex Arc | complete pathway through the nervous system from stimulus to response; 5 events- receptor, sensory neuron, central neuron, motor neuron, effector
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| Receptor | functions to detect a stimuli
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| Sensory Neuron | transmits towards the central nervous system
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| Central Neuron | "traffic cop"; carries the impulses to and from the brain
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| Motor Neuron | carries impulses away from the CNS
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| Effector | muscles or glands outside of the CNS that is going to carry out the response
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| Spinal Cord | contains mixed nerves
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| Mixed Nerves | 31 pairs of spinal nerves; attach to the spinal cord by two roots
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| Roots | attach 31 pairs of spinal nerves to the spinal cord; there are two which are swellings of gray matter called ganglions
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| Ganglions | swellings of gray matter; collection of nerve cell bodies
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| Ventral Root | has motor fibers- send messages; control
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Created by:
Supernurse