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Stack #37972
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nervous System | helps to maintain homeostasis by sresponding to conditions within and outside of the body; done by a stimulus |
| Stimulus | something that causes activity that the nervous system detects and responds to |
| Structural Divisions | CNS, peripheral nervous system |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | includes the brain and the spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | all of the other nerves outside of the CNS |
| Cranial Nerves | carry impulses to and from the brain |
| Spinal Nerves | carry messages to and from the spinal cord |
| Functional Divisions | made up of effectors; somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system |
| Effectors | any tissue or organ that carries out a demand from the nervous system, all of which are muscles or glands |
| Somatic Nervous System | voluntary nervous system; comprised of the skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic Nervous System | involuntary nervous system; comprised of the visceral nervous system; controls the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands and organs |
| Autonomic Nervous System | includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | adrenergic nervous system |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | cholinergic nervous system |
| Nerve Cells | neuron, axon, myelin, neurilemma |
| Neuron | the functioning cell of the nervous system |
| Dendrites | nerve cell fibers that conduct impulses to the cell body; the receptors receive the stimuli |
| Axon | nerve cell fiber that conducts impulses away from the cell body |
| Myelin | insulation around the axon; insulates and protects; white matter is myelinated; gray matter is non-myelinated |
| Neurilemma | covering that helps peripheral nerves to repair themselves when injured; not present on the brain and spinal cord |
| Types of Neurons | afferent, efferent |
| Afferent | sensory type; conduct impulses to the spinal cord or the brain |
| Efferent | motor type; conduct impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands; (think effort) |
| Nerve Impulses | positive or negative charge |
| Ions | on outside of cell (positive outside negative inside)nerve impulse going 2 start when process reverses;action potential |
| Action Potential | sudden electrical change in the membrane of a nerve cell; occurs very quickly and reverses again due to shifts in sodium and potassium; spreads along as a nerve impulse and the myelin speeds this process along |
| Synapse | junction between two neurons where impulses are passed along from cell to cell |
| Neurotransmitter | chemicals that will excite or inhibit a nerve cell; adrenaline, acetylcholine |
| Receptors | special sites that pick up and respond to the neurotransmitter; neurons do not touch, they are separated by a synaptic cleft |
| Reflex Arc | complete pathway through the nervous system from stimulus to response; 5 events- receptor, sensory neuron, central neuron, motor neuron, effector |
| Receptor | functions to detect a stimuli |
| Sensory Neuron | transmits towards the central nervous system |
| Central Neuron | "traffic cop"; carries the impulses to and from the brain |
| Motor Neuron | carries impulses away from the CNS |
| Effector | muscles or glands outside of the CNS that is going to carry out the response |
| Spinal Cord | contains mixed nerves |
| Mixed Nerves | 31 pairs of spinal nerves; attach to the spinal cord by two roots |
| Roots | attach 31 pairs of spinal nerves to the spinal cord; there are two which are swellings of gray matter called ganglions |
| Ganglions | swellings of gray matter; collection of nerve cell bodies |
| Ventral Root | has motor fibers- send messages; control |
Created by:
Supernurse