Female Reproductive System
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| binocular magnifying instrument used to view cervix & endocervical canal | colposcope
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| warty tumor like overgrowth in squamous epithelium of anorectal/genital tract, caused by virus that is spread by sexual contact | condyloma
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| dilation and curettage of the uterus | D and C
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| scraping out of uterine lining, often performed as diagnostic/therapeutic procedure | dilation and curettage
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| type of benign cystic teratoma commonly arising in the ovary | dermoid cyst
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| contraceptive device placed over cervix prior to intercourse | diaphragm
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| painful menstruation | dysmenorrhea
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| pregnancy outside the endometrial cavity | ectopic pregnancy
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| permanent destruction of endometrium by various methods to control excessive menstrual bleeding unresponsive to more conservative treatment | endometrial ablation
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| ovarian cyst lined by endometrium & filled with old blood & debris | endometrial cyst
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| endometrial cyst is a ___ of endometriosis | manifestation
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| presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations; i.e. ovary/pelvis; produces deposits of endometrium that are responsive to hormones | endometriosis
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| tumor arising from granulosa cells, usually associated with excess production of estrogen | granulosa cell tumor
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| estrogen-producing, ovarian tumor arising from estrogen producing granulose cell of an ovarian follicle | granulosa-theca cell tumor
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| virus that stimulates epithelial cell proliferation | human papillomavirus (HPV)
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| HPV causes genital tract ___ & ___ | warts & condylomas
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| small plastic device inserted in uterus to prevent pregnancy | intrauterine device (IUD)
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| long tubular telescope like instrument passed through abdominal wall to examine structures within peritoneal cavity | laparoscope
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| benign smooth muscle tumor such as commonly develops in the uterus | myoma
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| general term for infection affecting fallopian tubes & adjacent pelvic organs | pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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| complex derivative of fatty acid (prostanoic acid) that has widespread physiological effects | prostaglandin
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| inflammation of fallopian tubes | salpingitis
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| symptom complex in menstruating women using high-absorbency tampons, caused by toxin produced by staphylococcus growing in vagina | toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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| Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, & Gardnerella vaginalis in conjunction with anaerobic bacteria are all commons pathogens that cause | vaginitis
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| scarring, sterility, & ectopic pregnancies are all caused by | untreated PID
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| usually become manifest through cervical bleeding | cervical polyps
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| colposcopy is required in order to localize & determine extent of abnormalities in cervical epithelium for | cervical dysplasia & carcinoma
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| both benign endometrial hyperplasia & malignant endometrial carcinoma can cause | irregular uterine bleeding
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| occur in approximately 0.3% of women over the age of 30 | uterine myomas
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| type of ovarian cyst that develops frequently & usually regresses spontaneously | dermoid
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| causes irregular white patches, may progress to carcinoma, causes itching & can be treated locally | vulvar dystrophy
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| manifests through fever, vomiting, diarrhea & erythematous rash | TSS
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| increased tendency to thromboembolic complications & hypertension are possible complications of | contraceptive pills
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| is unreliable & must be used within one hour of sex | emergency contraception
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| out of about 80 types of __ 40 of them can infect cervix | HPV
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| eight types of HPV are considered | carcinogenic high-risk types
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| 90 percent of HPV infections are eradicated by | the body's immune system
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| HPV testing of cervical material obtained by Pap smear may be a useful supplementary test when | atypical cells identified by Pap smear
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| Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, & Gardenerella vaginalis in conjunction w/ various anaerobic bacteria | all causes of vaginitis
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| vaginal discharge, itching, and irritation are all | symptoms of vaginitis
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| mild chronic inflammation; common in women who have had children, is of little significance | cervicitis
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| STDs and may be followed by infection into fallopian tubes & adjacent tissues; severe cervical inflammation will result from | gonococci or Chlamydia infections
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| lower abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, leukocytosis, 2ndary to ascending spread of cervical gonorrheal or Chlamydial infection, & can cause Tubal scarring following healing predisposes to ectopic pregnancy/may cause sterility | salpingitis & PID
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| benign tumor-like overgrowths of squamous epithelium & considered STD | condylomas
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| application of a strong chemical, electrocoagulation,freezing, & surgical excision are treatments for | female genital tract infections
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| responds to hormonal stimuli and undergoes cyclic menstrual desquamation and regeneration | ectopic endometrium
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| laparascopy is used to diagnose | edometriosis
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| Allows visualization of ectopic deposits followed by removing or destroying these deposits surgically, through drugs, or hormones | laparascopy
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| synthetic hormones with progesterone activity to completely suppress menstrual cycle | treatment for endometriosis
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| makes endometrium thin and atrophic and menstrual cycles light, which retards progressing of endometriosis and associated scarring | oral contraceptives to suppress ovulation
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| leads to decline in ovarian function, allowing deposits of endometriosis to regress by being deprived of cyclic estrogen-progesterone stimulation | drugs that suppress output of gonadotropin from pituitary gland
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| are benign, arise from the cervix, usually small but may be quite large, erosion of tip may cause bleeding & treated by surgical excision | cervical polyps
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| abnormal growth and maturation of cervical squamous epithelium | cervical dysplasia
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| regresses spontaneously & result of cervical inflammation | mild cervical dysplasia
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| may progress to invasive carcinoma, may progress to in situ carcinoma, & does not regress | severe cervical dysplasia
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| cervical dysplasia and in situ carcinoma constitute different stages in a progressive spectrum of epithelial abnormalities classified as | cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN)
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| Mild dysplasia is called | CIN I
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| moderate dysplasia is termed | CIN II
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| severe dysplasia & in situ carcinoma are classified together as | CIN III
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| supplements CIN categories by adding a detailed classification of cytological changes observed in Pap smears with assessment of their significance | Bethesda system
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| some types of HPV are the same virus that causes | genital condylomas
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