Ch 1-4
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called | the sociological perspective or imagination
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| Which of the following elements did C. Wright Mills attribute as being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior? | external influence
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| When sociologists group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine | social location
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| The sociological perspective emphasizes how social context influences people's lives, particularly how people are influenced by | society
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| The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was | C. Wright Mills
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| Of the following, which discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science? | biology
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| The social science discipline that concentrates on the study of artifacts, social structure, ideas, values, and forms of communication is | anthropology
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| The first goal of each scientific discipline is to | explain why something happens
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| The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was | Auguste Comte
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| What is the use of objective and systematic observation to test theories, one that is often employed by sociologists? | scientific method
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| What is the social event that most influenced Auguste Comte to explore patterns within society and become interested in what holds society together? | French Revolution
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| The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as | social Darwinism
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| The term "survival of the fittest," which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism, was coined by | Herbert Spencer
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| The theorist who is sometimes referred to as "the second founder of sociology" was | Herbert Spencer
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| Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is | class conflict
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| The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were | Marx, Freud, Einstein
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| The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was | Karl Marx
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| The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the | bourgeoisie; proletariat
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| The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study? | social integration
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| Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the | Protestant ethic
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| Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that _______ was the force most responsible for social change | economics; religion
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| According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in birth of | capitalism
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| What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research? | value neutrality
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| The scientific method requires _______, repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings. | replication
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| Max Weber used the term Verstehen to mean | to grasp by insight
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| experience in Morocco left author with a profound sense of | culture shock
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| Language, beliefs, values, norms, behavior, material objects, and technology that are passed from one generation to the next by members of society describe | culture
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| Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of | material culture
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| Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture? | culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it
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| In 1906, sociologist William Sumner made this comment, "One's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it." This statement is most aligned with the concept of | ethnocentrism
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| "They're primative people who eat animals from the street, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast." | ethnocentrism
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| Kristina became ill and swore she would be a vegetarian as long as she was in Cambodia | culture shock
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| refusal to accept v sincere effort to understand | ethnocentrism; cultural relativism
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| In his book, Sick Societies, anthropologist Robert Edgerton proposed that cultures should be evaluated on their "quality of life" and not just automatically accepted. This is contrary to which of the following sociological concepts? | cultural relativism
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| gestures | gestures are not universal
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| symbols can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought. this is referred to as | language
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| language | language is not universal in the terms of the meaning of particular sounds
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| without language, human culture would | be little more advanced than lower primates
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| Spanish continuously spoken from generation to generation | constant influx of Hispanic immigrants
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| anthropologists studied Hopi Indians | Sapir and Whorf
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| norms | expectations of rules of behavior that develop from values
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| medal of honor and dean's list | positive sanctions
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| Sapir and Whorf concluded that | language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
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| language determines our consciousness | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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| spring break behavior | moral holiday
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| torn blouse v no blouse | folkway; norm
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| members of Jewish faith | subculture
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| group has distinctive way of life but reflects dominant culture | subculture
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| nude walk in nudist colony | conforming to folkways
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| studied feral children including Isabelle | Kingsley Davis
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| nurture component | social environment
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| most likely linked to nurture | vocational choice
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| children raised in wilderness and isolated from other children | feral
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| key variable of basic "human" traits | intimate early social interaction
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| trained professionals v mentally retarded women | orphans raised by mentally retarded socred higher
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| rhesus monkeys | Harlow
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| Harlow experiment key to infant-mother bonding | intimate social contact
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| society makes us human | socialization
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| looking-glass self | Cooley
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| our image of how others see us | self
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| self-concept based on interactions and reactions | looking-glass self
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| play crucial to development of self | Mead
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| attempt to win approval of | significant others
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| individuals who have a profound influence on the lives of another person | significant others
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| Mead's dress up and pretend stage | play
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| Mead term for norms, values, and expectations of public | generalized others
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| Mead essential for individual to be a full-fledged member of society | ability to take role of other
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| Mead 3 stages | imitation; play; team games
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| Mead active, creative, and spontaneous part of self | I
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| Piaget stage dominated by touching, listening, looking, and inability to recognize cause and effect | sensorimotor
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| Piaget operational | reasoning skills
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| Piaget stage where can count but not sure what numbers mean | preoperational
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| Piaget stage of abstract thinking | formal operational stage
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| prostitute exhibiting and smiling at potential patrons | social interaction
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| two sociological perspectives linked to macrosociology | functionalism; conflict perspective
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| focus on broad features of society to analyze social class and how groups relate to one another | macrosociology
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| macrosociological analysis | impact of terrorism on travel plans of business people
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| sociological perspective most closely linked to microsociology | symbolic interacionism
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| research sociologist perspectives | both macro and micro
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| firm deadlines for assignments | strong sense of social structure
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| example of social structure | driver signaling
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| typical patterns of a group, such as relationships between people or groups | social structure
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| different feelings on fines | location in social structure
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| doctorate from Ivy league, same salary, similar prestige | same social class
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| 3 primary variables of social class | income, education, occupational prestige
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| accurate statement on status | provides guidelines for how to act and feel
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| age, gender, race | part of master status
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| achieved status | high school drop-out
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| ascribed status v achieved status | female; associate editor
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| bumper stickers | status symbols
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| signs that identify position in society | status symbols
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| position in society that cuts across other statuses | master status
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| unique privilege of being a 17-year-old university professor | status inconsistency
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| difference between a status and a role | occupy a status; play a role
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| expectations that guide our behavior | norms
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| expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupants of a status | roles
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| regularly interact and share similar values, norms, and expectations | group
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| organized, usual, or standard ways society meets its basic needs | social institutions
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