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SYG Unit 1 Drills

Ch 1-4

Question	Answer
The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called	the sociological perspective or imagination
Which of the following elements did C. Wright Mills attribute as being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior?	external influence
When sociologists group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine	social location
The sociological perspective emphasizes how social context influences people's lives, particularly how people are influenced by	society
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was	C. Wright Mills
Of the following, which discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science?	biology
The social science discipline that concentrates on the study of artifacts, social structure, ideas, values, and forms of communication is	anthropology
The first goal of each scientific discipline is to	explain why something happens
The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was	Auguste Comte
What is the use of objective and systematic observation to test theories, one that is often employed by sociologists?	scientific method
What is the social event that most influenced Auguste Comte to explore patterns within society and become interested in what holds society together?	French Revolution
The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as	social Darwinism
The term "survival of the fittest," which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism, was coined by	Herbert Spencer
The theorist who is sometimes referred to as "the second founder of sociology" was	Herbert Spencer
Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is	class conflict
The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were	Marx, Freud, Einstein
The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was	Karl Marx
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the	bourgeoisie; proletariat
The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?	social integration
Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the	Protestant ethic
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that _______ was the force most responsible for social change	economics; religion
According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in birth of	capitalism
What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?	value neutrality
The scientific method requires _______, repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings.	replication
Max Weber used the term Verstehen to mean	to grasp by insight
experience in Morocco left author with a profound sense of	culture shock
Language, beliefs, values, norms, behavior, material objects, and technology that are passed from one generation to the next by members of society describe	culture
Jewelry, art, hairstyles, and clothing each represent examples of	material culture
Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture?	culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it
In 1906, sociologist William Sumner made this comment, "One's own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it." This statement is most aligned with the concept of	ethnocentrism
"They're primative people who eat animals from the street, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast."	ethnocentrism
Kristina became ill and swore she would be a vegetarian as long as she was in Cambodia	culture shock
refusal to accept v sincere effort to understand	ethnocentrism; cultural relativism
In his book, Sick Societies, anthropologist Robert Edgerton proposed that cultures should be evaluated on their "quality of life" and not just automatically accepted. This is contrary to which of the following sociological concepts?	cultural relativism
gestures	gestures are not universal
symbols can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought. this is referred to as	language
language	language is not universal in the terms of the meaning of particular sounds
without language, human culture would	be little more advanced than lower primates
Spanish continuously spoken from generation to generation	constant influx of Hispanic immigrants
anthropologists studied Hopi Indians	Sapir and Whorf
norms	expectations of rules of behavior that develop from values
medal of honor and dean's list	positive sanctions
Sapir and Whorf concluded that	language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
language determines our consciousness	Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
spring break behavior	moral holiday
torn blouse v no blouse	folkway; norm
members of Jewish faith	subculture
group has distinctive way of life but reflects dominant culture	subculture
nude walk in nudist colony	conforming to folkways
studied feral children including Isabelle	Kingsley Davis
nurture component	social environment
most likely linked to nurture	vocational choice
children raised in wilderness and isolated from other children	feral
key variable of basic "human" traits	intimate early social interaction
trained professionals v mentally retarded women	orphans raised by mentally retarded socred higher
rhesus monkeys	Harlow
Harlow experiment key to infant-mother bonding	intimate social contact
society makes us human	socialization
looking-glass self	Cooley
our image of how others see us	self
self-concept based on interactions and reactions	looking-glass self
play crucial to development of self	Mead
attempt to win approval of	significant others
individuals who have a profound influence on the lives of another person	significant others
Mead's dress up and pretend stage	play
Mead term for norms, values, and expectations of public	generalized others
Mead essential for individual to be a full-fledged member of society	ability to take role of other
Mead 3 stages	imitation; play; team games
Mead active, creative, and spontaneous part of self	I
Piaget stage dominated by touching, listening, looking, and inability to recognize cause and effect	sensorimotor
Piaget operational	reasoning skills
Piaget stage where can count but not sure what numbers mean	preoperational
Piaget stage of abstract thinking	formal operational stage
prostitute exhibiting and smiling at potential patrons	social interaction
two sociological perspectives linked to macrosociology	functionalism; conflict perspective
focus on broad features of society to analyze social class and how groups relate to one another	macrosociology
macrosociological analysis	impact of terrorism on travel plans of business people
sociological perspective most closely linked to microsociology	symbolic interacionism
research sociologist perspectives	both macro and micro
firm deadlines for assignments	strong sense of social structure
example of social structure	driver signaling
typical patterns of a group, such as relationships between people or groups	social structure
different feelings on fines	location in social structure
doctorate from Ivy league, same salary, similar prestige	same social class
3 primary variables of social class	income, education, occupational prestige
accurate statement on status	provides guidelines for how to act and feel
age, gender, race	part of master status
achieved status	high school drop-out
ascribed status v achieved status	female; associate editor
bumper stickers	status symbols
signs that identify position in society	status symbols
position in society that cuts across other statuses	master status
unique privilege of being a 17-year-old university professor	status inconsistency
difference between a status and a role	occupy a status; play a role
expectations that guide our behavior	norms
expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupants of a status	roles
regularly interact and share similar values, norms, and expectations	group
organized, usual, or standard ways society meets its basic needs	social institutions

Created by: selfstudy08

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