Medical terminology
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| a malformation of the skull due to premature closure of the sutures | craniostenosis
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| inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone | osteomyelitis
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| thinner than average bone density in a younger person | osteopenia
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| loosening of ankylosed joint | arthrolysis
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| an bone marrow transplant done by transfering from a healthy host such as a sibiling | allogenic
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| surgical repair of damaged cartilage | chondroplasty
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| surgical removal of a portion of the skull | craniectomy
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| surgical fracture to correct deformity | osteoclasis
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| surgical incisioning or sectioning of the bone | osteotomy
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| slow growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells | chondroma
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| blood within a joint space | hemarthrosis
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| partial displacement of a bone from its joint | subluxation
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| an abnormal increase in the OUTWARD curvature of the thoracic spine | kyphosis
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| inflammation of the periosteum | periostitis
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| commonly known as the hip socket | acetabulum
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| the upper leg bone is also the largest bone in the body | femur
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| ligament which allows movement within the knees | cruciate
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| specialist in the diagnosing and treatment of the feet | podiatrist
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| abnormal softening of cartilage | chondromalacia
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| degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function | spondylosis
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| type of joint which allows for the greatest flexibility of movement | synovial joint
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| type of bone fracture associated with osteoporosis | colles' fracture
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| which is the shorter smaller bone of the forearm | radius
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| a structure which protects and covers the joint surfaces | articular cartilage
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| the opening in the bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass. | foramen
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| the bone which is the larger weight bearing bone of the lower leg. | tibia
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| portion of the long bone located nearest the midline | proximal epiphysis
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| the abnormal softening of cartilage | chondromalacia
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| inflammation of the bone and bone marrow | osteomyelitis
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| surgical incision into the skull | craniotomy
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| formation of blood cells | hemopoietic
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| long slender cells which comprise the muscle | muscle fibers
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| sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle | fascia
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| narrow band of non-elastic dense connective tissue that attaches MUSCLE TO BONE. | tendon
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| attatches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone | achilles tendon
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| connects BONE TO BONE | ligament
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| similar to tendon in that it connects muscle to bone, but in addition it also connects to other tissues | aponeurosis
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| attach to the bones of the skeleton. Striated, Voluntary | skeletal muscle
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| walls of internal organs. Unstriated, involuntary | smooth muscle (visceral)
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| muscle wall of the heart, like skeletal muscle in appearance (striated) and like smooth muscle in action (involuntary) | cardiac muscle (myocardium/myocardial)
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| normal state of balanced muscle tension | muscle tone (tonus)
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| activation of the muscle by an impulse sent by a motor nerve | muscular innervation
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| pertaining to the relationship between muscle and nerve | neuromuscular
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| movement away from the midline of the body | abduction (ab-from)
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| movement toward the midline of the body | adduction (ad-towards)
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| movement which decreases angle (bending) | flexion
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| movement which increases angle (straightening) | extension
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| means straight | rectus
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| muscle of the anterior upper arm which aides in flexion of the elbow | biceps brachii
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| muscle of the posterior arm which aides in the extension of the elbow | triceps brachii
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| muscle of the anterior thigh which aides in the extension of the upper thigh (femur) | quadriceps femoris
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| band of fibrious tissue which holds structures together that shouldn't be... abnormal | adhesion
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| a chronic and progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles that is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy | polymyositis
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| protrusion of a part or structure through the tissue that is normally containing it | hernia
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| protrusion of the muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia | myocele
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| lack of muscle tone | atonic (a-lack of, tonic/tonus- muscle tone)
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| abnormal muscle tone | dystonia
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| delayed relaxation of muscle after contraction | myotonia (charlie horse)
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| inability to coordinate | ataxia
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| difficulty in controlling movements | dystaxia (partial ataxia)
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| abnormal shortening of a muscle | contracture
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| complex of symptoms including cramp like pain in the leg muscles caused by poor circulation | intermittent claudication
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| sudden and violent contracture of the muscle | spasm/cramp
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| stiff neck due to the spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull on the affected side of the head toward the affected side | spasmodic torticollis
(wryneck)
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| extreme slowness of movement | bradykinesia
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| distortion of impairment of voluntary motion as in a tic or spasm | dyskinesia
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| late appearance of dyskinesia as a side effect of long term treatment with certain antipsychotic drugs | tardive dyskinesia
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| spasm or twitching of muscle or group of muscles | myoclonus (clon-violent action, us-singular noun ending)
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| jerking of the limbs may occur normally as a person is falling asleep | nocturnal myoclonus
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| hiccups | singultus
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| muscle weakness from any cause | myasthenia (asthenia-weakness/lack of strength)
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| chronic autoimmune disease in which there is an abnormality in the neuromuscular function causing episodes of muscle weakness. most often effect facial muscles | myasthenia gravis (MG)
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| inherited muscular disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system. those that most commonly affect males DUCHENNES MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) and BECKERS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (BMD) | muscular dystrophy
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| younger male MD | DMD
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| less severe and occurs later on MD | BMD
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| chronic disorder of unknown cause, characterized by widespread aching pain, tender points, and fatigue. not progressive or crippling | Fibromyalgia Syndrome
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| study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and work environment (e.g.design of sports equipment) | Ergonomics
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| occurs when the tendons and nerves that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen, this swelling creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel= pain, swelling, tingling. | Carpal tunnel syndrome
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| nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region, caused by frequent motion, or compression of cervical vertebra | cervical radiculopathy
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| inflammation and pain of the tissue surrounding the elbow | epicondylitis
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| pain on outer side of the forearm | lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
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| pain on palm side of forearm | medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)
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| thickening on the surface of the calacaneus bone | heel spur
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| medication which acts to control spasmodic activity | anticholinergic drug (antispasmodic)
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| surgical removal of a lesion fron a tendon or tendon sheath | tenectomy
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| suture end of tendon to bone | tenodesis (desis-bind or tie together)
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| free tendon from adhesions | tenolysis
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| surgical removal of a part of a tendon for the purspose of shortening it | tenONectomy (DIFFERENT FROM TENECTOMY)
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| surgical division of tendon for relief due to abnormal shortening of a muslce (cross eyes) | Tenotomy
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| suturing of divided tendon | tenorraphy (rraphy- suture)
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| Double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart | pericardium
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| prevents friction when the heart beats | pericardial fluid
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| separating wall of partition | septum
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| upper chambers where all the blood vessels coming in enter | atria
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| lower chambers where all the blood leaving the heart exit here | ventricles
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| Natural pacemaker of the heart which causes both atria to contract simultaneously | Sinoatrial node
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| transmits the impulse of the hearts muscles to the bundle of His. | atriovantricular node (A-V node)
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| vein | phleb
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| abnormal swelling of the veins | vericose veins
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| debris within the blood vessels | embolus
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| any abnormal or pathological condition of the blood | dyscrasia
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| color | chromat
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| scrasia | blending,mixture
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| genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron the excess enters the bloodstream and accumulates in organs where it causes damage | hemochromatosis
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| presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood | septicemia (blood poisoning)
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| abnormally high amino acid levels | homocysteine
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| abnormally high counts of lipids, cholestrol, and tryglycerides | hyperlipidemia
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| higher abnormal leukocytes | LEUKEMIA
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| low levels of RBC | anemia
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| big daddy RBC with an a reduced ability to carry O2 | magaloblastic anemia
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| destructive, fatal, harmful | pernicious
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| group of genetic disorders characterized by short lived RBC that lack the normal ability to carry hemoglobin | Thalassemia (cooley's anemia)
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| of unknown cause | idiopathic
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| through the skin | percutaneous
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| T |
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