WGU TBA4 Statistics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| discrete | result when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a countable number
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| continuous | result from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps
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| parameter | a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population
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| statistic | a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample
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| nominal | categories only; data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme
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| ordinal | categories are ordered, but differences cannot be found or are meaningless
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| interval | differences are meaningful, but there is no natural zero starting point and ratios are meaningless
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| ratio | there is a natural zero starting point and ratios are meaningful
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| voluntary response sample | one in which the respondents themselves decide whether to be included
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| observational study | observe and measure specific characteristics, but don't attempt to modify the subjects being studied
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| experiment | apply some treatment and then proceed to observe its effects on the subjects
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| cross-sectional study | data are observed, measured, and collected at one point in time
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| retrospective study | data are collected from the past by going back in time
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| prospective study | data are collected in the future from groups sharing common factors
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| random sample | members from the population are selected in such a way that each individual member has an equal chance of being selected
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| simple random sample | n subjects is selected in such a way that every possible sample of the same size n has the same chance of being chosen
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| probability sample | selecting members from a population in such a way that each member has a known chance of being selected
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| systematic sampling | select some starting point and then select every kth element in the population
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| convenience sampling | simply use the results that are very easy to get
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| stratified sampling | subdivide the population into at least two different subgroups so that subjects within the same subgroup share the same characteristics, then we draw a sample from each subgroup
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| cluster sampling | first divide the population area into sections, then randomly select some of those clusters, and then chose all the members from those selected clusters
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| simulation | a process that behaves the same way as the procedure, so that similar results are produced
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| conditional probability | a probability obtained with the additional information that some other event has already occurred
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| event | any collection of results or outcomes of a procedure
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| simple event | an outcome or event that cannot be further broken down into simpler components
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| sample space | consists of all possible simple events
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| complement | consists of all outcomes in which event does not occur
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| random variable | a variable that has a single numerical value, determined by chance, for each outcome of a procedure
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| probability distribution | a description that gives the probability for each value of the random variable, often expressed in the format of a graph, table, or formula
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| discrete random variable | either a finite naumber of values or a countable number of values, where "countable" refers to the fact that there might be infinitely many values, but they can be associated with a counting process
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| continuous random variable | infinitely many values, and those values can be associated with measurements on a continuous scale without gaps or interruptions
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