| Term |
 |
|
| Description |
|
|
| Renaissance |
"A rebirth of knowledge"..... A time of creativity and experimentation with math, science art, and literature. |
| Humanism |
Belief in the individual. Men and women have tremendous abilities and power over their lives. |
| Decline of the Feudal System |
end of the middle ages; rise of the middle class. Middle class- merchants, lawyers, doctors, and gov't officials. |
| Leonardo di Vinci |
inventor; came up with the first drawings of human bodies_internal and skeletal |
| Reformation |
challenging the beliefs of the Catholic Church with Humanist ideas. |
| Democracy |
everyone gets one vote; everyone is equal |
| Republic |
representative government; everyone votes for representatives and then representatives casts the votes |
| Monarchy |
one ruler, usually a king, makes the decisions. power is inherited at birth |
| Dictatorship |
one ruler makes decisions. gets power through military control |
| Oligarchy |
small group of people make the decisions |
| Anarchy |
no central government or leaders; the absence of government |
| What was Portugal searching for? |
searching for trade routes to the East Indies |
| Prince Henry the Navigator |
From Portugal. began period of exploration. Founded a navigational school. |
| Bartholomeau Dias |
from Portugal. sailed around the southern tip of Africa |
| Vasco de Gama |
from Portugal. sailed around Africa to India, 1st trade route by water |
| What did Spain find? |
Spain found gold while searching for trade routes to the East Indies |
| Christopher Columbus |
from Spain. explored the islands of the Caribbean |
| Vasco de Balboa |
from Spain. discovered the Pacific Ocean |
| Ferdinand Magellan |
from Spain. first to circumnavigate the globe and to sail around the world. |
| Francisco Pizarro |
from Spain. conquered the Incas |
| Hernando Cortez |
from Spain. conquered the Aztecs |
| Francisco Coronado |
from Spain. looked for the 7 Cities of Gold in southwestern Noth America |
| Hernando de Soto |
from Spain. explored central America, found Mississippi River. |
| What did France search for and accomplish? |
France searched for the northwest passage to East, found the Fur Trade and had the best relationship with Native Americans. |
| Jacques Carter |
from France. explored St.Lawrence River to Quebec |
| Samuel de Champlain |
from France. established Quebec. known as "Father of New France" |
| Joliet and Marquette |
from France. explored the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River |
| LaSalle |
from France. founded Orleans for France at the mouth of the Mississippi River |
| What did England search for and accomplish? |
searched for northwest passage to East and found land to settle |
| John Cabot |
from England. discovered the east coast of America |
| Henry Hudson |
from England. explored the Hudson Bay and River |
| Sir Francis Drake |
from England. a pirate knighted for his looting of Spanish treasure ships. He was the 2nd to circumnavigate the world. |
| What was Spain's first settlement? |
St. Augustine |
| What was France's first settlement? |
Quebec |
| What was England's first settlement? |
Jamestown |
| Name the New England colonies. |
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hamshire |
| Name the Middle colonies |
New York, Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania |
| Name the Southern colonies. |
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia |
| charter |
an official document granting the right to settle and trade |
| colony |
settlement made by a "parent" country |
| mercantilism |
idea that a "parent" country can become wealthy through its colonies by exporting more than it imports |
| import |
good that are brought into a country |
| export |
goods made in one place and sent to another |
| subsistence farming |
when farmers produce only enough to feed and maintain their families |
| cash crop |
a crop grown to be sold |
| indentured servant |
a person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specific amount of time in exchange for room/board or passage |
| social mobility |
the ability for a person to move from one social class to another |
| triangular trade |
regular trading routes that formed a triangle between the West Indies, colonial America, Europe and West Africa |
| Magna Carta |
English document limiting the power of the king |
| Mayflower Compact |
a government established by the Pilgrims on their boat, the MAyflower, before they landed on Plymouth Rock. |
| Separation of Church and State |
individual state constitutions |
| Where was the French and Indian War faught? |
in the Ohio Valley |
| Who faught in the Freanch and Indian War? |
French vs. British soldiers and volunteer colonists |
| What was the cause of the French and Indian War? |
France and England wanted to take control of the new continent. This would make either one the richest, most powerful nation. |
| What was the result of the French and Indian War? |
(the first) Treaty of Paris. *England had control over all lands to the Mississippi River and Canada. *Spain controlled the southwest and Florida. *France lost all holdings in North America. |
| What were the causes of the Revolutionary War? |
*French and Indian War was expensive and had depleted England's treasury. *Quartering Act *Townshend Act *Boston Massacre *Tea Act *Boston Tea Party *Coercive Acts *1st Continental Congress |
| Quartering Act |
colonists were forced to house British soldiers in their homes. |
| Towshend Act |
England taxed the colonists on luxury items. |
| Boston Massacre |
five Bostonians shot dead, including Crispus Attucks |
| Tea Act |
taxed tea and gave East India Company exclusive rights to sell |
| Boston Tea Party |
Bostonians revolted and dumped the tea into the harbor. |
| Coercive Acts |
England blockaded (closed) Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for |
| 1st Continental Congress |
George Washington became head of the Continental Army |
| 2nd Continental Army |
held in Independence Hall in Philadelphia |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? |
Thomas Jefferson |
| When was the Declaration of Independence written? |
1776 |
| What happened in 1492? |
Columbus first sailed to the Western Hemisphere |
| Olive Branch Petition |
A letter to King George asking for peace |
| Loyalists |
colonists who supported Britain and were against colonial independence |
| Patriots |
colonists who faught for independence for the colonies |
| The "shot heard around the world" was from where? |
Lexington and Concord, Mass. |
| What happened at Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill, Mass? |
British defense of Boston. Colonists were low on ammunition. It was known, "Don't shoot until you can see the whites of their eyes!" |
| Long Island, NY |
5,000 colonists vs. 20,000 British. British victory |
| Trenton, NJ |
Christmas Eve surprise attack by Washington. American victory. |
| What happened at Saratoga? |
American victory know as "turning point of the war": British planned to cut New England off from the rest of the country. Poor communication among British generals led to a major victory for America. French agreed to send troops, money and support 4 AmRev |
| What was Valley Forge? |
a winter campground of American troops. Tough time; cold, harsh conditions. "bloody snow" |
| Savannah |
British victory. The "butcher", General Tarleton |
| Cowpens |
American victory. The "swamp fox", Francis Marion |
| Yorktown, Virginia |
American victory that ended the American Revolution. British commander, Cornwallis, was surrounded on a peninsula by American forces on land, and the French Fleet of Admiral de Grasse in Chesapeake Bay. |
| (second) Treaty of Paris |
French and British signed the peace treaty, 1785 |
| Nathan Hale |
American Spy. "I regret that I only have one life to give for my country." |
| General Cornwallis |
British commander, surrendered at Yorktown, VA. |
| Marquis de Lafayette |
French general who helped Washington |
| Baron von Steuben |
Prussian soldier who helped train the troops at Valley Forge |
| John Paul Jones |
father of American Navy. "I have not yet begun to fight!" |
| Francis Marion |
American soldier known as the "swamp fox" |
| Benedict Arnold |
American general who turned traitor, tried to sell West Point. |
| Paul Revere |
warned "the British are coming" at Lexington and Concord |
| Benjamin Franklin |
inventor, statesman, oldest delegate at conventions |
| John Adams |
outspoken patriot, later to become 2nd President of US |
| Thomas Paine |
author of "Common Sense" |
| Patrick Henry |
representative of the Virginia House of Burgesess who said, "Give me liberty, or give me death!" |
| militia |
a group of civilians trained as soldiers to fight in emergencies |
| Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? |
They failed b/c it loosly joined the states, no central government.
|
| Virginia Plan |
favored large states and representation by population |
| New Jersey Plan |
favored small states and equal representation |
| Great Compromise |
combined the two plans.(NJ and VA) allowed for equal representation in the Senate and representation based on population in the House |
| Three-fifths compromise |
slaves counted as 3/5 of a vote for taxation and for representaion |
| Ratifying the Constitution |
need to pass by 3/4 of the states. NH was the ninth state to ratify on Sept. 17, 1787 |
| popular sovereignty |
the beleif that people should have the right to rule themselves |
| limited government |
the powers of government are limited to the ones granted to it by the people |
| federalism |
sharing of powers between the different branches of government |
| checks and balances |
a system that allows each branch to checkor limit the powers of others |
| separation of powers |
the government is divided into three branches, each with its own functions and powers |
| Iroquois League |
nations joined together for defense but kept independent ideas |
| Magna Carta |
British constitution that limited the power of the leaders and allowed for a Bill of Rights for the people |
| Philosopher John Locke |
idea that government has a contract with the people |
| 1492 |
Columbus first sailed to W. Hemisphere |
| 1500's |
series of european explorers were exploring the US. (England, France, Spain and Portugal) |
| 1607 |
Jamestown, VA was settled |
| 1620 |
The Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock |
| 1763 |
French and Indian War. British won |
| 1776 |
Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jeferson. Revolutionary War was going on.-->US won |
| 1777-8 |
Articles of Confederation were created but soon failed b/c they were too weak. Constitution was written |
| 1800 |
Election of 1800 |
| What is the total # of US senators? |
100 |
| The idea that a mother country can become wealthy through its colonies by exporting more than it imports is called _____________ |
merchantilism |
| An agreement that is accepted by both sides is a __________ |
compromise |
| First Europeans to reach Western Hemisphere: |
Vikings |
