"A rebirth of knowledge"..... A time of creativity and experimentation with math, science art, and literature.
Humanism
Belief in the individual. Men and women have tremendous abilities and power over their lives.
Decline of the Feudal System
end of the middle ages; rise of the middle class. Middle class- merchants, lawyers, doctors, and gov't officials.
Leonardo di Vinci
inventor; came up with the first drawings of human bodies_internal and skeletal
Reformation
challenging the beliefs of the Catholic Church with Humanist ideas.
Democracy
everyone gets one vote; everyone is equal
Republic
representative government; everyone votes for representatives and then representatives casts the votes
Monarchy
one ruler, usually a king, makes the decisions. power is inherited at birth
Dictatorship
one ruler makes decisions. gets power through military control
Oligarchy
small group of people make the decisions
Anarchy
no central government or leaders; the absence of government
What was Portugal searching for?
searching for trade routes to the East Indies
Prince Henry the Navigator
From Portugal. began period of exploration. Founded a navigational school.
Bartholomeau Dias
from Portugal. sailed around the southern tip of Africa
Vasco de Gama
from Portugal. sailed around Africa to India, 1st trade route by water
What did Spain find?
Spain found gold while searching for trade routes to the East Indies
Christopher Columbus
from Spain. explored the islands of the Caribbean
Vasco de Balboa
from Spain. discovered the Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan
from Spain. first to circumnavigate the globe and to sail around the world.
Francisco Pizarro
from Spain. conquered the Incas
Hernando Cortez
from Spain. conquered the Aztecs
Francisco Coronado
from Spain. looked for the 7 Cities of Gold in southwestern Noth America
Hernando de Soto
from Spain. explored central America, found Mississippi River.
What did France search for and accomplish?
France searched for the northwest passage to East, found the Fur Trade and had the best relationship with Native Americans.
Jacques Carter
from France. explored St.Lawrence River to Quebec
Samuel de Champlain
from France. established Quebec. known as "Father of New France"
Joliet and Marquette
from France. explored the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River
LaSalle
from France. founded Orleans for France at the mouth of the Mississippi River
What did England search for and accomplish?
searched for northwest passage to East and found land to settle
John Cabot
from England. discovered the east coast of America
Henry Hudson
from England. explored the Hudson Bay and River
Sir Francis Drake
from England. a pirate knighted for his looting of Spanish treasure ships. He was the 2nd to circumnavigate the world.
What was Spain's first settlement?
St. Augustine
What was France's first settlement?
Quebec
What was England's first settlement?
Jamestown
Name the New England colonies.
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hamshire
Name the Middle colonies
New York, Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania
Name the Southern colonies.
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
charter
an official document granting the right to settle and trade
colony
settlement made by a "parent" country
mercantilism
idea that a "parent" country can become wealthy through its colonies by exporting more than it imports
import
good that are brought into a country
export
goods made in one place and sent to another
subsistence farming
when farmers produce only enough to feed and maintain their families
cash crop
a crop grown to be sold
indentured servant
a person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specific amount of time in exchange for room/board or passage
social mobility
the ability for a person to move from one social class to another
triangular trade
regular trading routes that formed a triangle between the West Indies, colonial America, Europe and West Africa
Magna Carta
English document limiting the power of the king
Mayflower Compact
a government established by the Pilgrims on their boat, the MAyflower, before they landed on Plymouth Rock.
Separation of Church and State
individual state constitutions
Where was the French and Indian War faught?
in the Ohio Valley
Who faught in the Freanch and Indian War?
French vs. British soldiers and volunteer colonists
What was the cause of the French and Indian War?
France and England wanted to take control of the new continent. This would make either one the richest, most powerful nation.
What was the result of the French and Indian War?
(the first) Treaty of Paris. *England had control over all lands to the Mississippi River and Canada. *Spain controlled the southwest and Florida. *France lost all holdings in North America.
What were the causes of the Revolutionary War?
*French and Indian War was expensive and had depleted England's treasury. *Quartering Act *Townshend Act *Boston Massacre *Tea Act *Boston Tea Party *Coercive Acts *1st Continental Congress
Quartering Act
colonists were forced to house British soldiers in their homes.
Towshend Act
England taxed the colonists on luxury items.
Boston Massacre
five Bostonians shot dead, including Crispus Attucks
Tea Act
taxed tea and gave East India Company exclusive rights to sell
Boston Tea Party
Bostonians revolted and dumped the tea into the harbor.
Coercive Acts
England blockaded (closed) Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for
1st Continental Congress
George Washington became head of the Continental Army
2nd Continental Army
held in Independence Hall in Philadelphia
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
When was the Declaration of Independence written?
1776
What happened in 1492?
Columbus first sailed to the Western Hemisphere
Olive Branch Petition
A letter to King George asking for peace
Loyalists
colonists who supported Britain and were against colonial independence
Patriots
colonists who faught for independence for the colonies
The "shot heard around the world" was from where?
Lexington and Concord, Mass.
What happened at Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill, Mass?
British defense of Boston. Colonists were low on ammunition. It was known, "Don't shoot until you can see the whites of their eyes!"
Long Island, NY
5,000 colonists vs. 20,000 British. British victory
Trenton, NJ
Christmas Eve surprise attack by Washington. American victory.
What happened at Saratoga?
American victory know as "turning point of the war": British planned to cut New England off from the rest of the country. Poor communication among British generals led to a major victory for America. French agreed to send troops, money and support 4 AmRev
What was Valley Forge?
a winter campground of American troops. Tough time; cold, harsh conditions. "bloody snow"
Savannah
British victory. The "butcher", General Tarleton
Cowpens
American victory. The "swamp fox", Francis Marion
Yorktown, Virginia
American victory that ended the American Revolution. British commander, Cornwallis, was surrounded on a peninsula by American forces on land, and the French Fleet of Admiral de Grasse in Chesapeake Bay.
(second) Treaty of Paris
French and British signed the peace treaty, 1785
Nathan Hale
American Spy. "I regret that I only have one life to give for my country."
General Cornwallis
British commander, surrendered at Yorktown, VA.
Marquis de Lafayette
French general who helped Washington
Baron von Steuben
Prussian soldier who helped train the troops at Valley Forge
John Paul Jones
father of American Navy. "I have not yet begun to fight!"
Francis Marion
American soldier known as the "swamp fox"
Benedict Arnold
American general who turned traitor, tried to sell West Point.
Paul Revere
warned "the British are coming" at Lexington and Concord
Benjamin Franklin
inventor, statesman, oldest delegate at conventions
John Adams
outspoken patriot, later to become 2nd President of US
Thomas Paine
author of "Common Sense"
Patrick Henry
representative of the Virginia House of Burgesess who said, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
militia
a group of civilians trained as soldiers to fight in emergencies
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
They failed b/c it loosly joined the states, no central government.
Virginia Plan
favored large states and representation by population
New Jersey Plan
favored small states and equal representation
Great Compromise
combined the two plans.(NJ and VA) allowed for equal representation in the Senate and representation based on population in the House
Three-fifths compromise
slaves counted as 3/5 of a vote for taxation and for representaion
Ratifying the Constitution
need to pass by 3/4 of the states. NH was the ninth state to ratify on Sept. 17, 1787
popular sovereignty
the beleif that people should have the right to rule themselves
limited government
the powers of government are limited to the ones granted to it by the people
federalism
sharing of powers between the different branches of government
checks and balances
a system that allows each branch to checkor limit the powers of others
separation of powers
the government is divided into three branches, each with its own functions and powers
Iroquois League
nations joined together for defense but kept independent ideas
Magna Carta
British constitution that limited the power of the leaders and allowed for a Bill of Rights for the people
Philosopher John Locke
idea that government has a contract with the people
1492
Columbus first sailed to W. Hemisphere
1500's
series of european explorers were exploring the US. (England, France, Spain and Portugal)
1607
Jamestown, VA was settled
1620
The Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock
1763
French and Indian War. British won
1776
Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jeferson. Revolutionary War was going on.-->US won
1777-8
Articles of Confederation were created but soon failed b/c they were too weak. Constitution was written
1800
Election of 1800
What is the total # of US senators?
100
The idea that a mother country can become wealthy through its colonies by exporting more than it imports is called _____________
merchantilism
An agreement that is accepted by both sides is a __________
Cardio Block2anatomy
