CMT Dermatology
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| cutaneous | This membrane is the primary organ of the integumentary system.
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| serous | comprised of 2 distinct layers-epithelial layer of simple squamous cells and a basement of connective tissue that holds and supports teh epithelial cells.
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| Parietal | Lines body cavities
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| Visceral | Covers surfaces of the organs.
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| Mucous | Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior.
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| Synovial fluid | secreted by the connective membranes, this is a thick, colorless fluid that lubricates the areas between bones and joints.
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| Epidermis | Outermost layer of the skin consisting of a relatively thin sheet of stratified squamous epithelium.
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| Stratum germinativum | Innermost layer of skin.
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| Keratin | Produced when cytoplasm approaches the surface of the skin. it is the waterproof material that gives cells on the outer layer protective qualities.
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| Stratum corneum | outer layer of skin.
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| Dermis | Deeper, thicker layer composed mostly of connective tissue.
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| Subcutaneous tissue | thick layer of connective tissue and fat supporting the layers of the skin.
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| Lanugo | Extremely, fine, soft hair of a newborn.
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| Follicles | Specialized structures required for hair growth.
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| Papilla | Cluster of cells at the base of the follicle necessary for hair growth.
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| Root of hair | Part of the hair beneath the skin.
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| Shaft of hair | Part of the hair above the surface of the skin.
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| Arrector pili | A tiny muscle at the base of the dermal papilla that contracts when frightened or cold producing "goose bumps."
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| Nail body | Visible part of the nail.
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| Root of nail | Part of the nail in a groove hidden by a fold of skin
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| Cuticle | the fold of skin hiding the nail root
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| Lunula | Crescent shaped white area nearest the root
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| Nail bed | The layer of epithelium under the nail body.
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| Sweat glands | the most numerous of the skin glands.
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| Eccrine glands | The more numerous of the sweat glands. They are distributed all over the body.
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| Apocrine glands | Found primarily in the axilla and the genital area.
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| Sebaceous glands | Secrete oil for hair and skin.
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| Receptors | Make it possible for the body surface to act as a sense organ.
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| Macule | Discolored flat lesion (freckle or age spot)
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| Papule | A less than 1 cm in diameter solid elevation of the skin (acne or pimple)
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| Nodule | Solid, elevated lesion more than 1 cm in diameter (enlarged neck gland)
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| Pustule | Pus-filled small elevation of the skin (whitehead)
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| Vesicle (blister) | A small collection of clear fluid (chickenpox)
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| Plaque | Slightly elevated surface lesion with a flat surface
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| Crust | Rough,dry surface of dried exudate or blood
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| Lichenification | Leather-like skin surface
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| Keloid | Benign, elevated, irregularly shaped scar due to the formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the skin during connective tissue repair.
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| Fissure | Crack-like sore or groove
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| Ulcer | Open sore in teh skin and mucous membrane
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| Erosion | Wearing away or loss of epidermis
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| Comedone | Hair follicles blocked with sebum, keratin, or debris
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| Cyst | Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material.
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| Polyp | Mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane on a stalk
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| Scale | Flakey skin (dandruff, psoriasis)
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| Wheal | Smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area that is either redder or paler than the surrounding skin (insect bite)
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| Seborrheic dermatitis | An idiopathic condition that appears in a variety of forms and causes inflammation of the skin
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| Contact dermatitis | Acute inflammation of the skin caused by coming in contact with many substances such as poison ivy, oak, or sumac
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| Eczema | An inflammatory skin disease with papules, vesicles, erythema, edema, scaling, etc.
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| Urticaria (hives) | Acute allergic reaction where red wheals develop on the skin.
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| Psoriasis | A chronic skin condition for which the etiology is unknown but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder or have a genetic component.
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| Rosacea | A chronic, cyclic condition occurring on the cheeks that causes redness of the skin
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| Acne vulgaris | Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles causing papules, pustules and comedones.
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| Herpes Zoster (shingles) | Caused by the varicella-zoster virus, this is an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles
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| Impetigo | Caused by either strep or Streptococcus aureus, this is a common contagious, superficial skin infection characterized by pustular lesions that rupture and form thick yellow crusts on the skin
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| Furuncle (boil) | An abscess caused by bacteria that involves the entire hair follicle and adjacent tissue
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| Carbuncle | Term used to refer to an ususually large furnuncle or when multiple furnuncles occur in adjoining follicles and are connected by their drainage canals
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| Cellulitis | An acute, diffuse, bacterial infection resulting when bacteria enters the skin through a cut or lesion
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| Dermatophytoses | Chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin
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| Decubitus ulcers (bed sores) | Also referred to as a "pressure ulcer" it results from areas of dead skin and can affect the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of the skin
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| Scabies (itch mite) | parasitic infection that are contageous
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| Seborrheic keratosis | A benign growth originating in the epidermis characterized by brown papules or plaques and appearing as though they are pasted on the skin
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| Actinic keratosis | Common premalignant lesions seen on sun-exposed areas of the body
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| Basal and squamous cell carcinomas | nonmelanoma cancers that form on the skin as a result of chronic sun exposure
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| Malignant melanoma | The most serious of the 3 types of skin cancers.
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| Vitiligo | Patches of pale, irregular skin that usually occur usually a stressful incident and are evenly located on one side of the body
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| Hemangioma | Benign lesion of proliferating blood vessels in the dermis that produced red, blue, or purple color
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| Nevi | Small dark areas of skin composed of collections of melanocytes (moles)
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| Albinism | A rare inherited condition characterized by the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin resulting in pale skin, white hair and generally pink or pale blue eyes.
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| Seborrheic warts | Rounded, oval patches of darkly pigmented skin 1 to 3 cm across. They are not true warts
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| Pityriasis | Rungal infection with patches of flaky, light or dark skin that devlops on the trunk of the body
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| Folliculitis | Erythemic, pustular lesion of teh skin as a result of inflammatory reaction to hair follicies
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| Corns | Extremely common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis. They develop on toes
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| Calluses | Extremely common, localized hyperplastic areas of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis. Large and commonly develop on the ball of the foot and the palms of the hands
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| Verrucae (warts) | Elevated growths of epidermis as the result of hyperplasia.
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| Plantar warts | Small, hard white or pink lump with a cauliflower-like surface containing small clotted blood vessels that resemble black splinters
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| Paronychia | Infection in the skin around a nail that can be caused either by bacteria or fungi.
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| Alopecia | Chronic hair loss.
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| Cellulitis | Inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue
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| Scleroderma | Chronic hardening and thickening of the skin
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| Ecchymosis | Black-and-blue mark on the skin
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| Purpura | Ecchymosis and petechia in the skin, mucous membranes, and serosal surfaces
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| Bacterial analysis | Skin samples are sent to a laboratory to detect the presence of microorganisms
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| Fungal tests | Skin scrapings of lesions, hair specimens or nail clippings are taken and sent for culture and microscopic examination.
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| Allergy skin testing | Various antigens including animal dander, foods, plants, pollens, ect are given by intradermal injection into the forearm
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| Culture and sensitivity (C&S) | Exudate from an ulcer, wound, burn or laceration or the pus of an infection is placed in a Petri dish for growth.
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| RAST | A blood test to measure the amount of IgE produced each time the blood is mixed with a specific allergan showing which of the many allergans the patient is allergic to.
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| Skin scraping | The edge of a scalpel is used to obtain material from a lesion. It is examined under the microscope for diagnosis.
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| Tzanck test | A skin scraping of fluid from a vesicle is obtained, a smear made and placed on a slide, stained and examined under a microscope to diagnos Herpes virus infections and shingles.
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| Wood's lamp | Used to diagnose vitiligo and ringworm by using an ultraviolet light to highlight areas of the skin.
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