Abnormalities of Blood Coagulation
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| after an injury, blood vessels immediately | constrict
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| thrombin is an enzyme that is capable of | digesting protein
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| integrity of small blood vessels, adequate supply of platelets, normal amounts of coagulation factors/inhibitors, & adequate levels of calcium ions are | five major factors effecting homeostasis
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| regulating phospholipids, liberating vasoconstrictors, & plugging holes in vessel walls are all | functions of platlets
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| certain medications can lower the concentration of __ __ in blood and prevent clotting | calcium ions
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| abnormalities of small blood vessels, deficiencies of coagulation factors, liberation of thromboplastic material into circulation, & abnormalities of platelet function are | major categories of blood coagulation disturbance
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| 8 of the 13 coagulation factors are synthesized | in the liver
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| characterized by abnormal reduction in the elements involved in blood clotting due to their use in widespread intravascular clotting | disseminated intravascular coagulation
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| disseminated intravascular coagulation may be a secondary complication of any of numerous obstetrical, surgical, infectious, hemolytic, and neoplastic disorders, all of which activate in some way | the intrinsic pathway of coagulation
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| sequence of reactions leading to fibrin formation, beginning with the contact activation of factor xii; followed by the sequential activation of factors xi and ix, which results in the activation of factor x | intrinsic pathway of coagulation
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| activated factor X (factor Xa) initiates | the common pathway of coagulation
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| is associated with low levels of coagulation factor VIII | classic hemophilia
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| inadequate synthesis of vitamin K, inadequate uptake of vitamin K, severe liver damage can all indicate | disturbance of coagulation caused by a deficiency of prothrombin
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| standard test for measuring capillaries and the hemostatic process involves | measuring bleeding time
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| evaluation of thrombin time primarily | measures fibrinogen
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| deficiencyl of platelets | thrombocytopenia
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| are areas of hemorrhage caused by deficiencies of plasma coagulation factors | hematomas
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| Hemophilia, being an X-linked congenital disease, only appears | in males
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| small pinpoint hemorrhage caused by decreased platlets, abnormal platelet function, or capillary defect | petechia
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| body's first line of defense when injured, it has a reflex vasocontriction, narrowing its caliber & facilitating closure of vessel by a blood clot | small blood vessels
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| very small fragments of cytoplasm from megakaryotypes; life cycle is about 10 days | platlets
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| activation of platlets starts the | blood coagulation process
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| component formed during blood coagulation from interaction of platlets & plasma components or liberated from injured tissues | thromboplastin
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| interaction of platlets/plasma coagulation factors; thromboplastin produced from substances in bloodstream | intrinsic system
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| thromboplastin liberated from injured tissues; not derived from blood but from tissue outside of vascular compartment | extrinsic system
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| activated at same time & interact to initiate blood clotting process; not completely independent | intrinsic & extrinsic system
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| derivative of fibrinogen that polymerizes to form fibrin clot during blood coagulation | fibrin monomer
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| a disturbance of blood coagulation as a result of activation of the coagulation mechanism & simultaneous clot lysis | disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
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| meshwork of protein threads that form during clotting of the blood | fibrin
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| precursor in plasma converted into fibrin by thrombin during blood coagulation | fibrinogen
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| test that measures overall efficiency of blood coagulation process | partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test
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| test that measures that phase of coagulation mechanism after formation of thromboplastin | prothrombin time test
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| coagulation factor formed by activation of prothrombin in process of blood coagulation | thrombin
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| lab test measurement that determines concentration of fibrinogen in blood by determining blotting time of blood plasma after addition of thrombin | thrombin time test
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