Intro to Psychology Test Section 1 Chapter 8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Memory | the capacity to encode, retain, store and retrieve information
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| Flashbulb Memory | memory related to an emotionally arousing event
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| Encoding | changing sensory input into a mental representation in the memory system
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| Explicit Memory | requires a conscious attempt to recall memory
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| Storage | the retention of encoded information in memory over time
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| Sensory Memory | a modality-specific form of memory, involved in temporary preservation of sensory stimuli, serving as a buffer between the senses and short-term memory
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| Short-term Memory | memory process which preserves recent information over relatively brief intervals, of limited capacity and information is stored for only a short length of time without rehearsal
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| Spacing Effect | phenomenon in which we learn better when our rehearsal is distributed over time
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| Serial Position Effect | states you are moke likely to remember the beginning and end information more than the middle
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| Semantic Encoding | general memories that involve general knowledge of the world, including facts. processing of meaning, particularly the meaning of words
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| Retrieval | the process and recovery of a stored item from memory
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| Rehearsal | refers to the cognitive process involving the repetition of an item in order to maintain it in short-term memory
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| Recall | in memory, the active retrieval of information
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| Recognition | in memory, the process of identifying presented information as familiar and having been experienced before
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| Relearning | Another means of remembering is through relearning. Relearned information may return quickly, even if it hasn't been used for many years. For example:Relearning a language not spoken since schooldays. Riding a bike after not using one since childhood
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| Retroactive Interference | occurs when information works backwards to interfere with earlier information - just as a retroactive pay raise given in July might work backwards to influence pay days from January to June.
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| Proactive Interference | occurs when current information is lost because it is mixed up with previously learned, similar information
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| Long-term memory | enduring memories that retain and preserve information for later retrieval over long periods.
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| Working Memory | a flexible memory system used for reasoning and language comprehension, that is comprised of the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and central executive
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| Automatic Processing | : what psychologists call processing of information that guides behaviour, but without conscious awareness, and without interfering with other conscious activity that may be going on at the same time
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| Effortfull Processing | individuals use effort and attention as they encode information. This is generally done through strategy use
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| Visual Encoding | processing of images
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| Acoustic Encoding | processing of sounds
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| Mnemonics | techniques that improve memory, often through using existing familiar information (e.g. imagery) during the encoding of new information to aid later retrieval and access. See method of loci
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| Chunking | combining individual letters or numbers into larger meaningful units
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| Iconic Memory | a fleeting photographic memory, we can register an exact representation of a scene and we can recall any part of it in amazing detail; only fo a very short time
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| Echoic Memory | a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attenetion is elsewhere, sounds or words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
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| Amnesia | a significant loss of memory as a result of brain damage or psychological trauma
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| Implicit Memory | retention independent of conscious recollection
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| Explicit Memory | memory of the facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
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| Priming | a phenomenon whereby previous exposure to a word or situation, improves implicit memory and increases the activation of associated thoughts or memories
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| Mood Congruent Memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent to one's current good or bad mood
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| Misinformation Effect | incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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