MedMicro 2006 UTHSCmed
Help!
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shape | Bacillus
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aeorbicity | Obligate Aerobe
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bram Stain | Weak Gram +
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Adic Fastness | Acid fast = mycolic acid
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Factors | Wax-D
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathophysiology | Broplet nuclei (drive-by coughing) into lung (needs O2)
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reservoir | Humans
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diseases | Tuberculosis: active (fever, night sweats, cough, caseation necrosis); inactive (granuloma)
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specimen | Multiple sputums, BAL, granuloma biopsy
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lab diagnosis | Lowenstein-Jensen, culture 4-8, acid fast stain, chest X-Ray!, PPD!, PCR
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| Mycobacterium tuverculosis Treatment | 9 months isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis; active TB=2 months INH + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol, then 6-9 months INH + rigampin
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| Mycobacterium tuverculosis Prevention/Control | HIV screening, daily observed therapy for treatment, prophylaxis
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| Mycobacterium tuverculosis NOTES: | Predisposing factors: HIV, old age, malnutrition, immunocompromised. PPD: 5+ mm if HIV+ or x-ray+ / 10mm+ if high risk / 15mm+ everyone else
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| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Gram stain | Weak Gram +
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| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Acid fastness | Acid fast
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| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria diseases | Pulmonary disease; disseminated (M. avium intracellulare)
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| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Lab Diagnosis | Culture
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| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Treatment | Same as TB, add clarithromycin and acithromycin; resistance is common
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| NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Prevention/control | HIV screening, prophylaxis in AIDS patients
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| M leprae Gram Stain | Weak Gram+
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| M leprae Acid Fastness | Acid fast
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| M leprae Temperature | Less than 37 C
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| M leprae Pathophysiology | Infects cooler tissues & Peripheral nerves
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| M leprae reservoir | Armadillo
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| M leprae specimen | Skiin scraping, nerve involvement
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| M leprae Lab Diagnosis | Cannot culture on synthetic media
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| M leprae Treatment | Treated by experts: dapsone, rigampin, clofazimine, minocycline
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| M leprae Prevention/control | Prompt recognition and treatment of infectied patients
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| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Shape | Bacillus
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| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Aerobicity | Anaerobic or microaeropnilic
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| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Gram Stain | Not acid fast
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| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Pahophysiology | Normal mouth and gut flora, sulfa granules
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| Actinomyces israelli & bovis diseases | Lumpy Jaw
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| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Lab Diagnosis | Enriched media with CO2
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| Actinomyces israelli & bovis Treatment | Drain the abscess, penicillin or tetracycline
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Shape | Filamentous bacilli
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Aerobicity | Aerobic
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Gram Stain | Gram +
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Acid Fastness | Weakly acid fast
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Pathophysiology | Inhalaion or wound infection
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Reservoir | Soil
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Diseases | Pulmonary (most common), disseminated nocardiosis, wound infection
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Lab Diagnosis | Simple media
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| Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Treatment | Sulfonamides, TMP-SXT; NO penicillins!
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| Lab Diagnosis of TB | Acid Fast smears of the sputum (as many sputums as you can get)
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