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Acid Fast

MedMicro 2006 UTHSCmed

QuestionAnswer
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shape Bacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aeorbicity Obligate Aerobe
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bram Stain Weak Gram +
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Adic Fastness Acid fast = mycolic acid
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Factors Wax-D
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathophysiology Broplet nuclei (drive-by coughing) into lung (needs O2)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reservoir Humans
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diseases Tuberculosis: active (fever, night sweats, cough, caseation necrosis); inactive (granuloma)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specimen Multiple sputums, BAL, granuloma biopsy
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lab diagnosis Lowenstein-Jensen, culture 4-8, acid fast stain, chest X-Ray!, PPD!, PCR
Mycobacterium tuverculosis Treatment 9 months isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis; active TB=2 months INH + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol, then 6-9 months INH + rigampin
Mycobacterium tuverculosis Prevention/Control HIV screening, daily observed therapy for treatment, prophylaxis
Mycobacterium tuverculosis NOTES: Predisposing factors: HIV, old age, malnutrition, immunocompromised. PPD: 5+ mm if HIV+ or x-ray+ / 10mm+ if high risk / 15mm+ everyone else
NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Gram stain Weak Gram +
NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Acid fastness Acid fast
NON-tubercular Mycobacteria diseases Pulmonary disease; disseminated (M. avium intracellulare)
NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Lab Diagnosis Culture
NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Treatment Same as TB, add clarithromycin and acithromycin; resistance is common
NON-tubercular Mycobacteria Prevention/control HIV screening, prophylaxis in AIDS patients
M leprae Gram Stain Weak Gram+
M leprae Acid Fastness Acid fast
M leprae Temperature Less than 37 C
M leprae Pathophysiology Infects cooler tissues & Peripheral nerves
M leprae reservoir Armadillo
M leprae specimen Skiin scraping, nerve involvement
M leprae Lab Diagnosis Cannot culture on synthetic media
M leprae Treatment Treated by experts: dapsone, rigampin, clofazimine, minocycline
M leprae Prevention/control Prompt recognition and treatment of infectied patients
Actinomyces israelli & bovis Shape Bacillus
Actinomyces israelli & bovis Aerobicity Anaerobic or microaeropnilic
Actinomyces israelli & bovis Gram Stain Not acid fast
Actinomyces israelli & bovis Pahophysiology Normal mouth and gut flora, sulfa granules
Actinomyces israelli & bovis diseases Lumpy Jaw
Actinomyces israelli & bovis Lab Diagnosis Enriched media with CO2
Actinomyces israelli & bovis Treatment Drain the abscess, penicillin or tetracycline
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Shape Filamentous bacilli
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Aerobicity Aerobic
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Gram Stain Gram +
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Acid Fastness Weakly acid fast
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Pathophysiology Inhalaion or wound infection
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Reservoir Soil
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Diseases Pulmonary (most common), disseminated nocardiosis, wound infection
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Lab Diagnosis Simple media
Nocardia asteroides & brasiliensis Treatment Sulfonamides, TMP-SXT; NO penicillins!
Lab Diagnosis of TB Acid Fast smears of the sputum (as many sputums as you can get)
Created by: Garzilla
 

 



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