MedMicro 2006 UTHSCmed
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| Vibrios | Gram(-), Facultative anaerobes, Ferment Carbs, Cytochrome Oxidase(+), Highly motile (single polar flagella), Halophilic (salt-loving), Marine environment
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| V. cholarae 01 and 0139 | Cholera
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| V. cholerae non-01, non-0139 | gastroenteritis
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| V. parahaemolyticus | gastroenteritis(wound infections, bacteremia, rare)
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| V. vulnificus pathophysiology | wound infections, bacteremia
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| V. aliginolyticus pathophysiology | wound infections, external otitis
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| V. damsela pathophysiology | wound infections, bacteremia
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| V. cholarea reservoir | Humans carriers and hosts,
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| V. cholarea outbreaks on Gulf Coast | under cooked seafood
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| V. cholarea spread | thru contaminated food or water
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| Occurence of V. cholarea in rest of U.S. associated with | Travelers
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| V. cholerae incubation | 8-72 hours
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| V cholerae colonizes | SI by adhering to surface and elaborating enterotoxin (choleragen)
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| choleragen does what | increases cAMP production which promotes fluid and electrolyte flow into the lumen
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| All clinical symptoms of V. cholerae | can be attributed to choleragen production
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| clinical symptoms for V. cholerae are: | nausea, vomiting, ab cramps and diarrhea
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| V. cholerae organisms are | non-invasive and don't damage the intestinal tract (no second sites of infection)
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| Characteristics of V. cholerae diarrhea | called rice water stool, perfuse, and watery, contains flakes of mucous (NO blood or inflamatory cells)
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| Tx for V. cholerae | Fluid Replacement (including electrolytes) very important (fluid lost is isotonic)
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| V. cholerae specific symptoms | tachycardia, slight fever or hypothermic, low( thready) or absent pulse, cyonotic, acidotic, hypokelimic, hypovolemic shock possible
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| V. cholerae Vir. Factors | cholera toxins, accesory cholera enterotoxin, zonnula occludens toxin, Neuraminidase, toxin coregulated pilus(tcp), colonization factor(cep)
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| cholera toxin (ctxA, ctxB)causes | Hypersecretion of electrolytes and water
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| accessory cholera enterotxin does what | Increases intestinal fluid secretion
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| Zonnula occludens toxin (cholera) does what | increases intestinal permeability
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| Neuraminidase (cholera) does what | increase toxin receptors
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| toxin coregulated pilus (tcp) (cholera) helps with | adherence to mucosal cells
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| colonization factor (cep) (cholera) is an | adhesion factor
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| V. cholerae diagnosis | Isolation from stool and plating on DIFFERENTIAL medium TCBS (thio-sulfate citrate salt sucrose)
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| V. cholerae produces acid yellow colonies because | it ferments sucrose
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| V. cholerae treatment | rapid replacement of fluids and electrolytes (oral)
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| V. cholerae prevention | healthy people are partially protected by normal flora and gastric acid. Improve sanitation and education
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| V. cholerae immunity is imparted by | infection with 01 provides immunity to 01 but NOT 0139. Immunity associated with IgA,Vaccine provides short term protection
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| V. cholerae NON-01 and 0139 differ how? | different LPS O antigen, non-agglutinizing, do not produce cholergen.
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| associated with eating raw seafood and can be isolated from shellfish and surface waters | V. cholerae NON-01 and 0139
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| V. parahaemolyticus is the | major cuase of Vibrio induced diarrhea
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| A common marine microbe that causes explosive, watery diarrhea, similar to cholera, but mucn less severe. Also, nausea and abdominal cramping. | V. parahaemolyticus
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| with V. parahaemolyticus what suggests invasion of intestinal tract | fever, chills, headache
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| V. parahaemolyticus pathogenic strains produce? | thermostable direct hemolysin(TDH)
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| V. parahaemolyticus virulence factors | cytotoxin, hemolysin, adhesion, mucinase
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| V. parahaemolyticus incubation time | 5--72 hours
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| V. parahaemolyticus course of disease | 3 days on average
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| V. parahaemolyticus attack rate | 50% (generally untreated)
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| V. parahaemolyticus prevention | cook seafood for long enough time(10 minutes boiling), never return cooked seafood to original container, eat seafood rapidly(don't let it sit around)
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| V. vulnificus is an | Invasive common marine organism
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| V. vulnificus clinical presentations | primary sepsis and wound infections
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| V. vulnificus primary sepsis patients | invarialble have pre-existing liver disease and have consumed raw oysters
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| V. vulnificus wound infection patients | usually healthy but acquire thru traumatic exposure to sea water
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| V. vulnificus wound inf. characteristics | swelling erythema, and pain. Development of vessicles and bullae eventually necrosis of tissue
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| V. vulnificus identificaiton | unusual among Vibrios because it ferments lactose
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| V. vulnificus Tx | antibiotics and surgical drainage. Death rate approaches 50%
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| V. vulnificus virulence factors | Serum resistance, antiphagocytic polysaccharides, cytolysins, collagenase, protease, siderophore
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| V. alginolyticus is | normal marine flora, cause of wound infections, collagenase is virulence factor
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| V. damsela are known to | cause marine associated wound infections, these infections are cytolysin mediated and can be rapidly fatal.
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| V. vulnificus Tx | tetracycline right away
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