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Vibrio
MedMicro 2006 UTHSCmed
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vibrios | Gram(-), Facultative anaerobes, Ferment Carbs, Cytochrome Oxidase(+), Highly motile (single polar flagella), Halophilic (salt-loving), Marine environment |
| V. cholarae 01 and 0139 | Cholera |
| V. cholerae non-01, non-0139 | gastroenteritis |
| V. parahaemolyticus | gastroenteritis(wound infections, bacteremia, rare) |
| V. vulnificus pathophysiology | wound infections, bacteremia |
| V. aliginolyticus pathophysiology | wound infections, external otitis |
| V. damsela pathophysiology | wound infections, bacteremia |
| V. cholarea reservoir | Humans carriers and hosts, |
| V. cholarea outbreaks on Gulf Coast | under cooked seafood |
| V. cholarea spread | thru contaminated food or water |
| Occurence of V. cholarea in rest of U.S. associated with | Travelers |
| V. cholerae incubation | 8-72 hours |
| V cholerae colonizes | SI by adhering to surface and elaborating enterotoxin (choleragen) |
| choleragen does what | increases cAMP production which promotes fluid and electrolyte flow into the lumen |
| All clinical symptoms of V. cholerae | can be attributed to choleragen production |
| clinical symptoms for V. cholerae are: | nausea, vomiting, ab cramps and diarrhea |
| V. cholerae organisms are | non-invasive and don't damage the intestinal tract (no second sites of infection) |
| Characteristics of V. cholerae diarrhea | called rice water stool, perfuse, and watery, contains flakes of mucous (NO blood or inflamatory cells) |
| Tx for V. cholerae | Fluid Replacement (including electrolytes) very important (fluid lost is isotonic) |
| V. cholerae specific symptoms | tachycardia, slight fever or hypothermic, low( thready) or absent pulse, cyonotic, acidotic, hypokelimic, hypovolemic shock possible |
| V. cholerae Vir. Factors | cholera toxins, accesory cholera enterotoxin, zonnula occludens toxin, Neuraminidase, toxin coregulated pilus(tcp), colonization factor(cep) |
| cholera toxin (ctxA, ctxB)causes | Hypersecretion of electrolytes and water |
| accessory cholera enterotxin does what | Increases intestinal fluid secretion |
| Zonnula occludens toxin (cholera) does what | increases intestinal permeability |
| Neuraminidase (cholera) does what | increase toxin receptors |
| toxin coregulated pilus (tcp) (cholera) helps with | adherence to mucosal cells |
| colonization factor (cep) (cholera) is an | adhesion factor |
| V. cholerae diagnosis | Isolation from stool and plating on DIFFERENTIAL medium TCBS (thio-sulfate citrate salt sucrose) |
| V. cholerae produces acid yellow colonies because | it ferments sucrose |
| V. cholerae treatment | rapid replacement of fluids and electrolytes (oral) |
| V. cholerae prevention | healthy people are partially protected by normal flora and gastric acid. Improve sanitation and education |
| V. cholerae immunity is imparted by | infection with 01 provides immunity to 01 but NOT 0139. Immunity associated with IgA,Vaccine provides short term protection |
| V. cholerae NON-01 and 0139 differ how? | different LPS O antigen, non-agglutinizing, do not produce cholergen. |
| associated with eating raw seafood and can be isolated from shellfish and surface waters | V. cholerae NON-01 and 0139 |
| V. parahaemolyticus is the | major cuase of Vibrio induced diarrhea |
| A common marine microbe that causes explosive, watery diarrhea, similar to cholera, but mucn less severe. Also, nausea and abdominal cramping. | V. parahaemolyticus |
| with V. parahaemolyticus what suggests invasion of intestinal tract | fever, chills, headache |
| V. parahaemolyticus pathogenic strains produce? | thermostable direct hemolysin(TDH) |
| V. parahaemolyticus virulence factors | cytotoxin, hemolysin, adhesion, mucinase |
| V. parahaemolyticus incubation time | 5--72 hours |
| V. parahaemolyticus course of disease | 3 days on average |
| V. parahaemolyticus attack rate | 50% (generally untreated) |
| V. parahaemolyticus prevention | cook seafood for long enough time(10 minutes boiling), never return cooked seafood to original container, eat seafood rapidly(don't let it sit around) |
| V. vulnificus is an | Invasive common marine organism |
| V. vulnificus clinical presentations | primary sepsis and wound infections |
| V. vulnificus primary sepsis patients | invarialble have pre-existing liver disease and have consumed raw oysters |
| V. vulnificus wound infection patients | usually healthy but acquire thru traumatic exposure to sea water |
| V. vulnificus wound inf. characteristics | swelling erythema, and pain. Development of vessicles and bullae eventually necrosis of tissue |
| V. vulnificus identificaiton | unusual among Vibrios because it ferments lactose |
| V. vulnificus Tx | antibiotics and surgical drainage. Death rate approaches 50% |
| V. vulnificus virulence factors | Serum resistance, antiphagocytic polysaccharides, cytolysins, collagenase, protease, siderophore |
| V. alginolyticus is | normal marine flora, cause of wound infections, collagenase is virulence factor |
| V. damsela are known to | cause marine associated wound infections, these infections are cytolysin mediated and can be rapidly fatal. |
| V. vulnificus Tx | tetracycline right away |
Created by:
Garzilla