Communicable Diseases
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| indirect disease transmission would be catching a virus through | contaminated water or insects
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| immunization is effective against disease because it | renders the population non-susceptible
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| isolation of infected individuals is often ineffective because | infected individuals are often unrecognized
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| regulation and inspection of food preparation is an example of | control of indirect transmission
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| Effectively controlling a disease primarily requires a knowledge of | disease's cause & method of transmission
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| congenital syphilis may cause | fetal death
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| Gonorrhea mainly affects | mucous membranes
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| herpes cannot be diagnosed through | biopsy
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| most common sexually transmitted disease | Chlamydia
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| AIDS attacks the immune system through | destroying T lymphocyte
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| AIDS victims are susceptible to widespread infection from organisms that | pose no threat to healthy person
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| homosexual females are not at an elevated risk for | contracting AIDS
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| Blood donation by individuals considered to be at an elevated risk for AIDS is banned because | infected blood can be impossible to detect
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| disease transmitted from person to person | communicable disease
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| communicable disease in which small numbers of cases are continually present in a population | endemic disease
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| communicable disease affecting concurrently large numbers of persons in a population | epidemic disease
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| direct physical contact or by means of droplet spread | method: communicable disease transmission
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| primary methods used to control diseases when effective methods of immunization are not available | identification, isolation, & treatment
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| virus attacks/destroys T lymphocytes, compromising cell-mediated immunity & leading to infections & some tumors | AIDS
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| spiral organism causing syphilis | treponema pallidum
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| clinical manifestation of chancre | primary syphilis
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| clinical manifestation of systemic infection w/skin rash & enlarged lymph nodes | secondary syphilis
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| clinical manifestation of late destructive lesions in internal organs, such as brain/heart | tertiary syphilis
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| clinical manifestation of urethritis, cervicitis, pharyngitis, proctitis | gonorrhea
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| clinical manifestation of superficial vesicles/ulcers on external genetalia & genital tract infection; regional lymph nodes often enlarged/tender | herpes
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| clinical manifestation of cervicitis & urethritis | chlamydia
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| Tests used to diagnose syphilis | demonstration of treponemes in chancre & serological tests
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| Tests used to diagnose gonorrhea | culture of organisms from site of infections & non-culture tests
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| Tests used to diagnose herpes | demonstration of intranuclear inclusions in infected cells, virus cultures & serological tests in some cases
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| Tests used to diagnose chlamydia | detection of antigens in cervical/urethral secretions, florescence microscopy, cultures & non culture tests
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| major complications of syphilis include | damage to cardiovascular system; nervous system in tertiary syphilis may be fatal
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| major complications of gonorrhea include | disseminated bloodstream infection, tubal infection w/impaired fertility, & spread of infection to prostate & epididymides
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| major complications of herpes include | spread from infected mother to infant
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| major complications of chlamydia include | tubal infection w/impaired fertility & epididymitis
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| chlamydia, syphilis & gonorrhea can be treated with | antibiotics
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| herpes can be treated with | antiviral drug shortens infection, not curative
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| virus that caused most cases of AIDS in the world | HIV1
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| infections are more prevalent in West Africa | HIV2
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| first cases of AIDs identified in | 1981
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| HIV was identified in | 1983
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| blood test to detect HIV became available in | 1985
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| RNA virus belonging to class called retroviruses | HIV
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| in HIV the viral RNA & important enzyme (reverse transcriptase) are enclosed in a capsid in | core of virus
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| cuts & assembles virus protein into small segments that surround viral RNA, forming infectious virus particles that bud from infected HIV cells | HIV protease
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| HIV invades CD4+ cells & becomes part of cell DNA which means that | the individual is infected for life
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| HIV virus proliferates in infected cells & sheds virus particles, which means | virus present in blood & bodily fluids
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| body forms HIV-antibody, which means | antibody is marker of infection but is not protective
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| HIV's progressive destruction of helper T cells means | compromised cell-mediated immunity
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| with HIV when immune defenses collapse it means | more susceptible to opportunistic infections & neoplasms
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| amount of viral RNA in blood of an HIV infected person reflects | extent of viral replication in lymphoid tissue throughout body
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| blood plasma of a person with an acute HIV infection would have | over a million virus particles per million
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| blood plasma of a person being treated with agents effective against HIV virus would have | extremely low levels of virus
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| estimates extent of damage to HIV infected immune system | determination of # of T lymphocytes in the blood
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| infection in immunocompromised person caused by organism normally nonpathogenic/limited pathogenicity | opportunistic infection
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| drug used to treat HIV infections by binding to reverse transcriptase, blocking DNA polymerase | nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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| converts DNA to RNA | DNA polymerase
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| look alike compounds | analogs
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| nucleoside analogs that resemble normal nucleosides that virus uses to construct DNA | nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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| in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors synthesis is disrupted when | analog substitutes for the required nucleoside
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| HIV drug that blocks enzyme that cuts viral protein into segments & assembles them around viral RNA to form infectious virus particle | protease inhibitors
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| protease inhibitors cause the virus particle to be | improperly constructed & is not infectious
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Created by:
lfrancois
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