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| Olidogendrocytes are | form myelin sheats around axons of CNS
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| Microglia are | phagocyose foreign material (garbage trucks)
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| Astocytes are | help regulate external environment of neurons in CNS
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| Ependymal cells | line the ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord
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| What cell fuction also as neural stem cells | ependymal and astrocytes
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| Gial cells are are derived from | ectoderm
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| 2 types of Glial cells in PNS | Schwann and Satellite
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| Schwann cells | form myelin sheaths in PNS
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| Satellite/ or Ganglionic Gliocytes | support neurons cell bodys in PNS
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| Large satellite cells that radiate like star | Astocytes
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| Most abundant of glial cells | astocytes
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| Astrocytes has ending processes called | endfeet surround cappilaries in CNS
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| Astrocytes ideally located to influence | interactions between neurons and neurons and blood
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| Astrocytes Generally involved in | BBRR capillaries to form blood-brain barrier,Buffering K+ levels, Recycling Neurotransmitters, Regulating adult neurogenesis
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| Protoplasmic astrocytes | Astrocytes of gray matter--also differ in shape
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| Distinguished by intermediate filaments | GFAP-Glial-Fibrillary Acidic Protein-
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| Distinguished immunohistochemically | Protoplasmic astrocytes
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| Fibrous Astrocytes | located in white matter
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| Astrocyte with great amount of intermediate filaments | Fibrous Astocytes
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| Astrocyte role in development | provide a path for neuronal migration
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| Role of Astrocytes in Injury of CNS | injury in CNS leads to destrution of cells, and this space is filled by hypertrophy of astrocytes
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| Retains the ability to proliferate in mature brain | Astrocytes
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| Majority of CNS tumors are composed of | astrocytic orgin
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| Astrocytes secrete | growth factors*, cholesterol, and lipoproteins
*so does retrograde
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| Cholesterol and lipoproteins essential for | synaptic growth and plasticity
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| Astrocytes in diseases secrete | interleukin, and protaglandin (Cytokines)
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| Role of Cytokines | helps microglia control inflammation
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| Astrocytes role in envronmental modulation | ionic concentrations and pH are maintained by astrocytes
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| Glial cell with ion channels in membrane | astrocyte
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| Clears K+ from extracellular space after AP | astrocytes
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| Form gap juctions | Astrocytes
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| Role of synctia | (astrocytes act as one to clear K+
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| Participate in NT metabolism | Astrocytes
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| Astrocytes and postsynaptic effect | quickly remove NT from synaptic cleft
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| Glutamate | Taken up by astrocyes and inactivated
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| How gluatmate inactivated | addition of ammonia makes glutamine
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| What happens after formation of glutamine | release into extracellular space adn recycled by neurons
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| Regional Heterogeneity | Astocyes vary between gray and white matter, and NT receptors, ion channels,and uptake systems
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| How Blood Brain barrier formed | endfeet form tight juntions of endothelial cells
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| How solultes enter blood brain barrier | only diffuse across endothelium, transporters (highly selective)
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| Glial cells in both gray and white matter | Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
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| Demyelinating disease | MS
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| Fuction of Oligodendrocytes | myelination and surround cell bodies in gray matter
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| Mylein degerates and replaced with | astocytic plaues
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| Astrocytic plaques results in | interruption of propagation of AP
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| What is nerve regeneration | ability of nervous tissue to regrow
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| Where nerve regeneration occurs | more readlity in PNS, than CNS
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| Why regrowth only occurs in PNS? | oligodenrocytes produce proteins that inhibit regrowth
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| What Neuronal proliferation only occus in adult CNS | olfactory epithelium and hippocampus
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| Regeneration of cell body | none
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| Regeneration of axon | can occur
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| What happens first at injury site during neuron regeneration | cytoplasm leaks out, until membrane comes and seals opening
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| What happens second in Regeneration | proximal segement swells and organelles and filaments are carried into axon by axonal transport
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| Role of Schwann cells and regeneration | produce chemical factors that tell cell body an injury has occured
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| Four stagesss in neuron regeneration | 1 cytoplasms leak 2. swell 3. Schwann Cells 4Distal segment dies and synaptic transmission ceases
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| After nerve death-Schwann cells | screte chemical that aid in growing axon tip,a nd guide to destination by regeneration tube
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| Mircoglia are known as | immune effector cells of CNS
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| Cell predominatly involved in inflammation | Microglia
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| 1% of CNS cellular population | Microglia
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| Glial quiescent during health | Microglia
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| Secrete IL B, adn Tumor necrosis factor a | Microglia
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| Physically blocks axon regeneration in CNS | astrocytes
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| Frequent source of primary brain tumors in adults and children | Astocytomas-glial derived
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