OGT Science terms 80 cards j-z all strands JHS ks
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| Kinetic energy | The energy of movement
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| Lipid | Refers to a group of fats that cannot be dissolved in water
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| Lithosphere | The section of Earth that is composed of rock Living systemA group of organisms and their environment
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| Magnet | A type of substance containing iron which also attracts iron (or steel) Malleable
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| Mass | How much matter there is in an object
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| Matter | Something that has mass and occupies space
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| Meiosis | The process of cell division which produces four sex cells (gametes) from one cell
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| Mendel | Gregor Mendel, the scientist who experimented with pea plants and discovered how genetic factors were passed down from parents to offspring
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| Metal | A chemical element from the left-hand side of the periodic table that is malleable, ductile and conducts electricity
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| Metalloid | A chemical element that has characteristics of both metals and nonmetals Metamorphic
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| Microwave | A type of electromagnetic radiation that has low energy and is used primarily for communication (cell phones)
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| Mitochondria | An organelle in all eukaryotic cells which is responsible for energy production
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| Mitosis | The process of cell division which produces two body cells from one cell
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| Molecule | The smallest unit of a substance that is the combination of one or more atoms
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| Mutation | A change in the DNA of an organism; substitution, deletion, insertion Mutualism
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| Natural selection | The process in which some organisms live and reproduce and others die before reproducing
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| Newton | Sir Isaac Newton, a scientist who made hundreds of contributions to science like the law of gravity and his three major laws of physics; a Newton is a measure of force
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| Newton's 1st Law | An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
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| Newton's 2nd Law | The net force on an object is equal to the acceleration on that object times the mass of the object
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| Newton's 3rd Law | Every reaction has an equal and opposite reaction
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| Nonmetal | A chemical element from the right side of the periodic table that is brittle and does not conduct electricity well
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| Nuclear decay | This happens when the nucleus of an atom breaks apart; usually, neutrons and protons leave the nucleus
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| Nuclear energy | Energy that is produced by fission or fusion reactions
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| Nuclear reaction | A reaction that happens in the nucleus of an atom; fission, fusion
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| Nucleic acid | In the nucleus of a cell, there are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
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| Nucleus | 3In biology, this refers to the middle of a cell; in physical science, this refers to the center of an atom
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| Organic | moleculeA molecule that contains carbon atoms bonded together
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| Organism | A living thing that can live and reproduce independently
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| Ozone | A form of oxygen that, in the atmosphere, protects living things from ultraviolet rays
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| Parasitism | A relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and benefits from that relationship while the host organism is harmed by it
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| Peer review | A method of selecting essays to be published where a group of peers review and make comments about the submitted essays
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| Periodic table | An arrangement of chemical elements based on their atomic numbers and similarity of properties
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| pH scale | Measures the strength of acids and bases; an acid has a number below 7, a base has a number above 7 and neutral materials have a pH of 7 (like water)
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| Phenotype | The physical expression (what can be seen) of a genetic characteristic; brown eyes, black hair
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| Photosynthesis | The process that happens in plants and some other organisms which takes the sun's energy and turns it into usable energy; 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light è C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
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| Physical change | A change in a substance that results in a different form of the substance and can be undone
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| Physical property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed; color, taste, texture, density
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| Physical science | Any of the sciences, such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology, that discusses the nature and properties of energy and nonliving matter
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| Plastic | A material that can be molded and formed into objects and films
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| Plate tectonics | The theory that the earth's surface is divided into a few large, thick plates that are constantly moving
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| Potential energy | Stored energy; energy that is released and then becomes kinetic energy Predation
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| Prokaryote | A type of living thing that is single-celled and has no true nucleus
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| Protein synthesis | The creation of proteins in the cell from DNA
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| Protein | A sequence of amino acids
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| Proton | A positively-charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
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| Pure substance | eA substance that has an identical chemical composition in every part
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| Radiation | Energy that is transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles; when talking about heat, this is when heat spreads out from a central source
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| Radio wave | A type of electromagnetic radiation that has very low energy and a very long wavelength (can be 10 – 20 feet long); used for cell phones and radios of all kinds
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| Radioactive substance | A type of substance that releases neutrons and protons from its nucleus
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| Radiometric dating | Determining the age of a rock or fossil based on the amount of one isotope compared with another isotope; ex: the amount of carbon-14 versus the amount of carbon-12 can determine how old something is because carbon-14 breaks down to carbon-12 over time
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| Recessive | A genetic characteristic that is only expressed by the organism if there is no dominant characteristic present
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| Recycle | To break down a material so that it can be reused instead of throwing it away Reproduction
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| Sea-floor spreading | In geology, when oceanic plates move apart, the middle fills in with magma which cools and forms new sea floor
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| Semiconductor | A type of material that allows electricity to flow with average resistance
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| Sex-linked trait | A genetic characteristic that is present only on the X (or in some cases, the Y) chromosome and so behaves differently in males and females Sexual
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| Solid | One of the basic states of matter which has a definite shape and volume
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| Species | A very specific classification of organisms; all members of a species can mate together
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| Speed | The amount of distance an object travels divided by the amount of time it takes; He traveled 30 mph
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| Stem cell | A type of cell that can turn into any other type of cell
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| Superconductor | A type of material that allows electricity to flow with no resistance
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| Sustainable agriculture | Agriculture that is done so the land is used well and can continue on forever
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| Symbiosis | A relationship between two or more organisms
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| Synthesis | The combination of two or more things or concepts TechnologyThe application of science to solve a particular problem
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| Temperature | The measurement of the average thermal energy of a system
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| Theory | A well proven explanation of some part of the natural world
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| Thermal energy | Heat
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| Total mass | The combination of all of the masses of everything that is being considered Ultraviolet
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| Unbalanced force | A force that is not balanced out by an opposite force; She was pushing against the wall, but when the wall fell it became an unbalanced force!
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| Unstable nuclei | More than one nucleus (nuclei) that break down very quickly to smaller nuclei
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| Variation | Something that has changed; in biology, this refers to the genetic difference between individuals
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| Velocity | The distance that an object travels over a certain amount of time and in a certain direction; He traveled at 30 mph south
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| Virus | A small particle that contains DNA or RNA and is able to reproduce only inside of a living cell
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| visible ligh | A form of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye (other organisms are capable of seeing some infrared and ultraviolet radiation)
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| Volume | The amount of space an object takes up
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| Wave | A movement up and down or back and forth
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| Wavelength | Refers to the length of a single wave (back and forth); can be calculated from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next
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| Weight | The combination of the mass and the force of gravity on an object
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| X-rays | A form of electromagnetic radiation that has low energy and is used in medical equipment
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