cardiovascular word list
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Anastomosis | Surgical attachment of one end of a hollow structure to another end.
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Angina | Intermittent chest pain,usually of short duration.
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Angiorrhaphy | Suturing of a blood vessel.
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Aneurysm | A localized,abnormal dilation of a blood vessel,usually an artery,thinning of a blood vessel wall.
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Aorta | Largest artery in the body which collects blood from from the left ventricle, and delivers it to all parts of the body via smaller arteries.
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Arrhythmia | Irregularity in the heart action/beat.
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Artery | Vessel that carries blood from the heart to body tissues and organs. (oxygenated)
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Arteriole | A small artery.
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Arteriosclerosis | Abnormal condition of hardening of the arteries.
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Atherosclerosis | Abnormal condition in which there is a build up of fatty deposits in the arteries.
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Bicuspid Valve | A valve with two cusps,through which blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle. (mitral valve)
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Blood Pressure | The force exerted by the blood against the arterial walls during the contraction phase and relaxation phase of the heart.
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Bradycardia | Slow heart beat.
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Bruit | A soft blowing sound heard on auscultation. (murmur)
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Bundle of His | Specialized muscle fibres in the wall between the ventricles that carry the electric impulses to the ventricles.
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Capillaries | Microscpoic blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules.
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Cardiac Catheterization | Test which helps to assess the heart,major coronary vessels,valves and septum. Involves a catheter being inserted into the right side of the heart through an arm or leg.
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Cardiomegaly | Enlargement of the heart.
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Cardiomyopathy | Any disease of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function (caused by viral infections and metabolic disorders).
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Cardiovascular System | System composed of the heart,blood vessels and their function within the body.
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Cardioversion | Conversion of a cardiac arrhythmia to normal sinus rhythm by the use of a device called a defibrillator. Applying controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest.
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Carditis | Inflammation of the heart.
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CCU | Coronary Care Unit.
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Conductive Tissue | Highly specialized cardiac tissue which initiates and continues contraction impluses.
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Congenital Septal Defect | Small hole(s) within the atrial or ventricular septums,which is present at birth.
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Congestive Heart Failure(CHF) | Failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the tissues and organs.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Any disease which alters the ability of the coronary artery to deliver the amount of blood that is required by the heart muscle.
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Diaphoresis | Profuse sweating.
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Diastole | The relaxation phase of the heart.
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Dyspnea | Difficult breathing.
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Echocardiography | Examination which uses ultrasound to provide assessment of the structures and function of the heart.
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Electrocardiogram | A graphic record of the electrical impulses generated by the conduction system of the heart.
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Embolus | A thrombus which has broken loose from the vein wall and begun to travel through the vascular system.
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Endocardium | Innermost layer of the heart.
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Epicardium | Outermost layer of the heart.
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Fibrillation | Quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, causing ineffectual cardiac contractions.
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Heart | A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the arteries, cappillaries, and veins.
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Holter Monitor | A small, portable ECG monitor that assesses heart and pulse action as the patient engages in daily activities. 24-48 hr of ECG/EKG Tracing.
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Hypertension | Elevated (high) blood pressure.
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Infarct | Area of tissue that undergoes necrosis after cessation of blood supply.
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Inferior Vena Cava | Large vein which collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the lower portion of the body and enters the right atrium.
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Insufficiency | Inability of valves to close properly.
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Ischemia | Lack of oxygen or blood to body tissues. Local and temperary deficiency of blood supply.
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Left Atrium | Chamber which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
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Left Ventricle | Chamber which pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta.
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Ligated | Tied.
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Myocardial Infarction | Life threatening condition characterized by necrosis in the myocardium due to lack of oxygen. Circulator blockage.
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Myocardium | Musclar layer of the heart.
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Necrosis | Destruction (death) of tissue.
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Pacemaker | An electrical device that controls the beating of the heart by rhythmic series of electrical dischages.
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Pallor | Paleness.
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Pericardium | Fibrous sac which encloses the heart.
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Phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein.
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Pulmonary Artery | Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
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Pulmonary Vein | Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs.
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Pulmonary Semilunar Valve | Prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle.
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Purkinje Fibers | Extend up the walls of the ventricles and transmit electrical impluses to both ventricles, causing them to contract.
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Right Atrium | Chamber which collects deoxygenated blood from the body.
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Right Ventricle | Chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
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Septum | Muscular wall which divides the right and left sides of the heart.
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Shunt | A passage between two blood vessels or between two sides of the heart.
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Sphygmomanometer | Instrument for measuring blood pressure.
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Stenosis | Narrowing.
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Stress/Exercise Testing | Measures the efficiency of the heart during a period when it is subjected to predetermined exercises (treadmill or bicycle).
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Stripped | Removed.
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Superior Vena Cava | Large vein which collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top portion of the body and enters the right atrium.
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Systole | The contract phase of the heart.
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Tachycardia | Rapid heart action.
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Thromophlebitis | Inflammation of a vein wall, which may cause clots to form.
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Thrombosis | Abnormal condition of a blood clot in the blood vessel.
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Thrombus | A blood clot that obstructes a vessel. Becomes embolus if moves from location.
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Tricuspid Valve | A valve with three cusps, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, which allows blood to pass into the right ventricle.
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Varicose Veins | Condition which develops when the valves of the veins are damaged. Characterized by enlarged veins and edema of the surrounding tissues.
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Vasodilator | Medication used to expand blood vessels; especially in the treatment of angina and hypertension.
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Vein | A vessel that carries blood to the heart from the body organs and tissues. (deoxygenated)
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Venule | A small vein.
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