CH 13-15
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| In primary production: | there is a net gain in organic carbon
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| Bacteria that make their own carbohydrates by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from the sun are: | Chemosynthetic bacteria
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| Net primary productivity is: | A and B are correct
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| The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include: | B and C are correct
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| The depth at which the cellular respiration rate equals the photosynthetic rate is referred to as the | compensation depth for photosynthesis
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| The most abundant marine macro algae are members of the Division: | Rhodophyta
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| Diatoms important producers in the epipelagic open ocean, are members of the Division: | Chrysophyta
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| The organism that is responsible for red tides and paralytic shellfish poisining belongs to the division | pyrrophyta
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| important marine autotraphs that have SiO2 incorporated in the cell walls are: | diatoms
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| marine flowering plants include all of the following except: | Ulva
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| Over production of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to | eutrophication
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| Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): | may produce toxins that affect human neurological functioning
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| Eutrophication is a type of pollution caused by increased: | inorganic nutrient input
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| The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is: | polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters
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| in temperate oceans during the winter months: | nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease
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| In temperate oceans during the summer months | nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and oxygen solubility decreases
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| although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have relatively high primary productivity rates? | all of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity
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| an area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is referred to as a | oligotrophic area
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| productivity in polar oceans is: | light-limited
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| productivity in tropical oceans is: | nutrient-limited
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| if 10,000 KCAL of energy were contained in the primary producers, on average how many KCAL of energy would you expect to be transfered to third-order consumers? | 10 KCAL
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| Nutrient flow in an ecosystem is: | cyclic
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| energy flow in an ecosystem is: | unindirectional
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| the efficiency of trophic transfers in ecoystem average around | 10%
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| which of the following is an incorrect match between organisms and the type of symbiotic relationship they manifest? | whale-barnicle; mutualism
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| the percentage of biomass regularly recycled in the euphotic zone is about: | 90%
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| the percentage of of euphotic zone biomass that reaches the deep ocean floor reaches about | 1%
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| a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is | commenalism
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| the relationship between cynobacteria and fungi that results in a lichen is an example of: | mutualism
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| the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is best defined as: | largest catch that can be taken without overfishing
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| the area of the ocean that produces the largest standing stock of commercial fish is in the: | contential shelves
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| the term bycatch refers to: | non-target species that are caught along with commercial species
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| all of the following are effective means of regulating fisheries except: | limiting the size of the boat
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| catches above the maximum sustainable yield: | result in overfishing
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| purse seines are nets that: | surround and trap fishes
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| the mass percent at a given time of a population fish is called its | standing stock
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| all of the following are adaptions to life in the epipelagic zone except: | increased density
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| which of the following is a member of of the Phylum Cnidaria | jellyfish
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| identify the mismatched pair | Suid-chordata
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| which fins are used for turning and braking | pectoral and pelvic
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| which fins are used as stabalizers | anal and dorsal
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| the shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as | hecterocercal
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| the caudaul fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is | lunate
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| the body shape among fishes varies greatly in accordance with habitat and lifestyle. A tornado shaped body is found among | fast swimming fishes
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| which of the following is not an adaption for deep diving in Cetaceans? | blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities
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| a modified circulatory system in tuna helps it: | all of the above statements are a result of modified circulation in tuna
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| all of the following are adaptions of mesopelagic fishes except | large body
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| bioluminescence is employed by mesopelagic animals for all of the following except: | warning coloration
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| which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food? | all of the above affect the ability of pelagic organisms to capture food
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| an example of a cruiser is a | tuna
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| the muscle tissue of a lunger is predominantly | white
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| the speed of its fish is closely related | length
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| cruisers often have relatively high body temperatures because | it increases the power output of muscle tissue
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| all of the following are baleen whales except: | sperm whales
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| identify the mismatched pair | manatee- cetacea
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| sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they | have external ears
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| gray whales migrate every year to | mate and give birth in the tropics during winter
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| Word Analysis | copepod
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| Word Analysis | Ventral
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| Word Analysis | collapsible ribs
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| Word Analysis | killer
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| all of the following are example of strategies employed by organisms to survive wave shock in the rocky intertidal zone except: | motile larve
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| the most important limiting factor for the number of organisms in the rocky middle tide zone is: | space
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| a common inhabitant of the supralittoral zone on the rocky shores of the pacific northwest is the | periwinkle snail
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| two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are | buckshot barnacle and rockweed
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| two frequent inhabitants of a rocky coast tide pools are: | sea anemone and hermit crab
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| two dominant organisms commonly found at mid-water levels of the rocky intertidal zone are: | goose barnicle and mussel
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| some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they: | cannot tolerate desiccation
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| the low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by | seaweeds and surf grasses
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| male fiddler crabs us their enlarged claw to | attract a mate
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| which of the following marine habitats has the lowest species diversity? | mud flat
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| the most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is | burrowing into the sediment
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| the depth to the which a bivalve can bury itself depends on the | lenth of the respitory structure
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| the common annelid found in a sandy beach enivorment is the: | lugworm
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| organisms that live in the spaces between sediment particles are called: | meiofauna
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| the sublittoral rocky bottom zone is dominated by: | kelp
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| oysters prefer | clean moving water
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| which of the following factors does not limit coral growth | high concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water
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| eutrophication is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the: | amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates execessive algal growth
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| Zooxanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissues of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Zooxanthellae are members of the: | divsion dinoflagellata
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| the relationship between the protistan zooxanthelle and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a | obligate mutualistic endosymbiosis
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| coral with delicate growth patterns are usually found | on the reef slope
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| the buttress zone of a coral reef is likely to have which variety of coral? | massive branching corals
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| which of the following is a threat to coral reef survival | all of the above might contribute to the decline of a coral community
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| the loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms is caused by: | loss of zooxanthelle
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| the distribution of benthic biomass is related to | surface productivity
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| primary producers in hydromerthal vent communities are: | sulfar-oxidizing bacteria
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| the three varities of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and: | subduction zone seeps
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| subduction zone seeps support communities from | methane-rich waters
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| most of the hyrdrothermal vents and cool-water seeps on the seafloor were discovered during which decade | 1980s
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| hydrocarbon seeps have been discovered | in the gulf mexico
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| all the following are associated with hypersaline seeps except: | very high temperature
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