vocab, Lobes and primary/associative Cortexes
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| Structural unit or cell in the nervous system, capable of transmitting electrochemical signals. | Neuron
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| Bundles of nerve fibers that transmit electrochemical signal to and from the CNS | Nerves
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| Neurons that conduct away from the neuron cell body or CNS | Efferent
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| Neurons that conduct toward the neuron cell body or CNS | Afferent
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| Efferent neurons located in the Central Nervous system | Upper motor neuron (UMN)
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| All sensory nerves/neurons are________. | Afferent
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| All motor nerves/neurons are _________. | Efferent
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| Function is to work in conjunction with lower motor neuron to act as path ways for movement. | Upper motor neuron (UMN)
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| located in the PNS, synapses with muscle fibers to produce muscle contraction. | Lower motor neuron (LMN)
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| Efferent neurons, directed by upper motor neuron to contract muscles both voluntarily and reflexive | Lower motor neuron (LMN)
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| Functional unit that produces movement. | Motor unit
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| Consists of LMN & all of the muscle fibers that it innervates (Control of muscles that are attached to or muscles that it transmits to). | Motor unit
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| When a motor unit contracts what happens? | all the muscle fibers have to fire or contract (all or nothing phenomenon).
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| Cell body of neuron | Soma
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| Branches that conduct electrical impulses toward the soma. | Dendrites
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| Branches that conduct electrical impulses away from the soma. | Axon
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| What makes up the CNS? | Brain, brainstem, & spinal cord
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| shallow depression or grove | Sulcus
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| Deep depression or grove | Fissure
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| A ridge | Gyrus
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| Major portion of the brain | Cerebrum
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| What type of movements is the brain responsible for? | purposeful as well as reflexive
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| Where is the brain contained? | Within the cranium
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| What is the function of the brains as a whole? | Integrates information received from all the different lobes and structures and operates smoothly & efficiently, faster than a computer
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| What is the shell of the brain called? | Cortex
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| What type of matter is the cortex comprised of? | Gray matter
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| What type of matter is the interior portion of the brain comprised of? | White matter
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| Large mass of white matter that connects the left & right hemispheres of the brain. | Corpus Callosum
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| What type of fibers make up the Corpus Callosum? | Commissural Fibers
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| The largest commissural fiber. | Corpus Callosum
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| Connect areas within the same hemisphere | Association Fibers
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| How are lobes of the cerebrum located on the cortical surface? | By sulci & gyri
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| lobe located at the front part of the brain | Frontal Lobe
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| Part of brain that guides thought, social behavior, multi tasking, organization, ability to plan, intuition, personality, ability to be empathetic, self control, inhibition, aids in memory function and new learning | Function of the Frontal Lobe
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| Inferior: Lateral Sulcus (AKA Sylvian Fissure) Posterior: Central Sulcus (AKA Rolandic Fissure) Superior & Anterior: Outer surface of the brain | Boundaries of the Frontal Lobe
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| Primary function or area of the frontal lobe | Primary Motor Cortex
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| Location of the Primary motor cortex | Precentral Gyrus
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| Long prominent surface elevation located immediately anterior to the central sulcus | Precentral Gyrus
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| Responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles on the Contralateral side of the body. | Precentral Gyrus
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| Is more brain matter devoted to fine or gross motor control? | Fine Motor control
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| Location of the the Primary Motor Cortex | Precentral gyrus
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| Premotor area of the frontal lobe, at the Inferior Frontal Gyrus | Where Broca's area is located
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| Responsible for motor planning for speech production | Broca's Area responsibility
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| Area that does not send signals to muscles only plan to primary motor cortex | Broca's area
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| Which hemisphere is the language dominant hemisphere? | The left hemisphere
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| Anterior boundary of parietal lobe | Central sulcus
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| Inferior boundary of parietal lobe | Posterior & Lateral Sulcus
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| Posterior boundary of parietal lobe | Posterior Sulcus or Parietoccipital Sulcus
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| Function of Parietal Lobe | Primary Sensory Cortex
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| Location of Primary Sensory Cortex | Post-central gyrus
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| Registers sensations such as pain, touch, and temperature from the contralateral side of the body. | Parietal Lobes
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| Partially responsible for Proprioception (awareness of body position in space) | Parietal lobes
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| Located in the Parietal Lobe, just posterior to the central Sulcus. | Location of Post-central gyrus
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| Areas involved with your awareness of things | Primary Areas
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| Areas responsible for interpretation | Association areas
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| Primary & association areas located where are not involved in speech & language? | Around the lateral sulcus
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| Superior boundary of Temporal lobe | Lateral Sulcus
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| Posterior boundary of Temporal lobe | Posterior Sulcus/ Parietoccipital Sulcus (Imaginary line that separates it from the occipital lobe).
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| Primary function of Temporal Lobe | Primary Auditory Cortex
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| Site of higher auditory processing, memory and perceptual judgments | Responsibility of Temporal lobe
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| Located just below and on the interior wall of the lateral sulcus. Auditory info from both ears is transmitted to the primary auditory cortex in both hemispheres. | Heschl’s Gyrus aka Primary Auditory Cortex
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| Auditory Association Cortex | Wernicke’s Area
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| Located on the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus. | Wernicke’s Area
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| Inferior to the frontal and parietal lobes. | Temporal Lobes
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| Located in the most posterior part of the brain. | Occipital Lobe
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| Separated from the parietal & temporal lobes by imaginary lines that follow interior landmarks. | Occipital Lobe
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| Houses the Primary Visual Cortex & Visual Association Areas. | Occipital Lobe
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| Makes you aware of what you're seeing | Primary Visual Cortex
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| Interprets what you see | Visual Association Areas
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| What area is important for language formulation? | Wernicke’s Area
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| Responsible for language comprehension and generation of linguistic thought. | Wernicke’s Area
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| What is the most posterior lobe? | Occipital lobe
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| Lobe not related to speech production but important in reading | Occipital lobe
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| What type of fibers connect the Broca's area to Wernicke’s Area | Association Fibers
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| Fibers that connect areas within the same hemisphere | Association Fibers
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| What's an example of an Association fiber? | Arcuate Fasciculus
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| Consists of groups of fibers that form association tracts between areas, within lobes, and between lobes. | Association Fibers
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| Fibers that connect an area in one hemisphere to an area in the other hemisphere | Commissural Fibers
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| The largest commissural fiber | Corpus Callosum
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| Location of Primary auditory cortex | Temporal lobe
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| Location of Primary visual cortex | Occipital Lobe
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