musculoskeletal system
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Rounded end of a bone separated from the body of the bone by a neck | bone head
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large process on the femur for attachment of tendons and muscle | Greater trochanter
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Rounded process on many bones for attachment of tendons and mucles. | Tubercle
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Rounded, knuckle-like process at the joint | Condyle
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Shallow cavity in or on a bone | Fossa
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Opening for blood vessels and nerves | Foramen
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Narrow, deep, slit-like opening | Fissure
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Hollow, cavity within a bone | Sinus
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Cranial bone that forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes | Frontal bone
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Two cranial bones that from the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium | Parietal bone
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The two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium | Temporal bone
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Cranial bone that forms the back and base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones, forming a suture | Occipital bone
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Cranial bone that is bat-shaped and extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull | Sphenoid bone
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Thin, delicate cranial bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eyes | Ethmoid bone
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Two slender facial bones that support the bridge of the nose | Nasal bones
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Two small, thin facial bones located at the corner of each eye | Lacrimal bones
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Two large facial bones that compose the massive upper jawbones | Maxillary bones
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Lower jawbone | Mandibular bone
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Two facial bones, one of each side of the face, that form the high portion of the cheek | Zygomatic bones
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Thin, single, flat facial bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum | Vomer
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Air cavities | Sinuses
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First 7 bones of the vertebral column | Cervical vertibrae (C1 to C7)
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Second set of 12 vertebrae in the vertebral column | Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
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Third set of 5 vertebrae in the vertebral column | Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
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Five separate bones that fuse in a young child and a slightly curved, triangular bone in an adult | Sacral vertebrae
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Tailbone | Coccyx
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Collar bone | Clavicle
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Shoulder blade | Scapula
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Breastbone | Sternum
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Bones that extend from the sternum | Ribs
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Upper Arm bone | Humerus
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Medial lower arm bone | Ulna
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Lateral lower arm bone | Radius
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Wrist bones | Carpals
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The five radiating bones in the fingers | Metacarpals
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Finger bones | Phalanges
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Pelvis | Pelvic Girdle
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Upper most portion of the pelvis | Ilium
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Posterior portion of the pelvis | ischium
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Anterior portion of the pelvis | Pubis
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Thigh bone | Femur
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Kneecap | Patella
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Larger of the two bones of the lower leg | Tibia
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Smaller of the two bones of the lower leg | Fibula
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Bones of the hind foot | Tarsals
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Bones of the midfoot | Metatarsals
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Bones of the forefoot | Phalanges of the toes
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calc/o, calci/o | calcium
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kyph/o | humpback, hunchback
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lamin/o | lamina
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lord/o | curve, swayback
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lumb/o | loins, lower back
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myel/o | bone marrow
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orth/o | straight
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oste/o | bone
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scoli/o | crooked, bent
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spondyl/o | vertebra
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vertebr/o | vertebra
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-blast | embryonic or immature cell
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-clast | to break
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-listhesis | slipping
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-malacia | softening
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-physis | to grow
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-porosis | pore, passage
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-tome | instrument to cut
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acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket)
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calcane/o | calcaneus (heel)
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carp/o | carpals (wrist bones)
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clavicul/o | calvicle (collar bone)
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cost/o | ribs
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crani/o | cranium
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femor/o | femur
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fibul/o | fibula
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humer/o | humerus
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ili/o | ilium
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ischi/o | ischium
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malleol/o | mandible
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maxill/o | maxilla
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metacarp/o | metacarpals
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metatars/o | metatarsals
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olecran/o | olecranon
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patell/o | patella
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pelv/i | pelvis
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perone/o | fibula
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phalang/o | phalanges
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pub/o | pubis
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radi/o | radius
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scapul/o | scapula
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stern/o | sternum
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tars/o | tarsals
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tibi/o | tibia
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uln/o | ulna
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Traumatic breaking of a bone | Fracture
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Fracture that occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radius | Colles fracture
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Bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces | comminuted fracture
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bone is compressed | compression fracture
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Bone is partialy broken | greenstick fracture
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One fragment is driven firmly into the other | Impacted fracture
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Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral in the bone | osteomalacia
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Decrease in bone density, thinning and weakening of bone | osteoporosis
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ankyl/o | stiff
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arthr/o | joint
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articul/o | joint
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burs/o | bursa
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chondr/o | cartilage
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ligament/o | ligament
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rheumat/o | watery flow
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synov/o | synovial membrane
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ten/o | tendon
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tendin/o | tendon
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-desis | to bind, tie together
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-stenosis | narrowing
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Inflammation and painful swelling of joints causes by excessive uric acid in the body | Gouty arthritis
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Progressive, degenerative, joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone | osteoarthritis (OA)
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Chronis disease in which joints become inflamed and painful | rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
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Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist | Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
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A fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist | Ganglion
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Trauma to a join with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments | Sprain
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A less serious injury involving the overstretching of mucle | Strain
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Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and lungs | systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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fasci/o | fascia
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fibr/o | fibrous
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leiomy/o | smooth muscle that lines the walls of the internal organs
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my/o | muscle
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myocardi/o | heart muscle
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myos/o | muscle
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plant/o | sole of the foot
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rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle connected to bones
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-asthenia | lack of strength
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-trophy | development, nourishment
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ab- | away from
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ad- | toward
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dorsi- | back
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poly- | many, much
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CK | creatine kinase
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ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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IM | intramuscular
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ROM | range of motion
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SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus
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EMG | electromyography
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Connective tissue bones are composed of | Osseous tissue
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Elements of Osseous tissue | Osteocytes (bone cells), Collagen (dense connective tissue strands), Calcium salts
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What are bones made of during fetal development | catilaginous tissue
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Immature osteocytes that produce bony tissue that replaces cartilage during ossification | Osteoblasts
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Large cells that digest bone tissue from the inner sides of bones and enlarge the thinner bone cavity so bones do not become overly thick and heavy | Osteoclasts
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Minerals that bones depend on for formation | Calcium and Phosphorus
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Vitamin needed for bone formation | Vitamin D
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How many bones are there in the human body? | 206
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Strong bones with broad end and large surface for muscle attachment | Long Bones
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Bone type that is found in the wrist and ankle | Short Bones
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Bones that are found covering soft body parts | Flat Bones
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Small, rounded bones resembling a sesame seed in shape | Seamoid Bones
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Shaft or middle region of a long bone | Diaphysis
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Each end of a long bone | Epiphysis
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Flared portion of the bone | Metaphysis
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Strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones, except the ends of the epiphysis | periosteum
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Covering of the ends of long bones | articular cartilage
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Layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the perioteum in all bone and liefs chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones | Compact bone
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Canals within the compact bone that contain blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the bone and remove waste products such as carbon dioxide | haversian canals
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Hollow inside of long bones | medullary cavity
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Fat cells within the medullary cavity | yellow bone marrow
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porous, less dense bone | Spongy (Cancellous) bone
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Substance contained in the spaces within spongy bone | Red bone marrow
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