BJU 6th Science - Chapter 9
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| energy | The ability to do work.
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| potential energy | Stored energy due to its position.
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| kinetic energy | Energy caused by motion.
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| mechanical energy | The ability to get something moving.
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| motion | Change of an object's position.
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| reference point | A fixed, unmoving object needed to determine whether another object has changed position.
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| distance | The amount of space traveled from where an object starts to where it is at any given moment.
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| speed | The rate at which an object travels; determined by dividing the distance by the amount of time the object takes to travel that distance.
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| instantaneous speed | The speed of an object at any one particular moment.
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| velocity | The distance an object moves over a given amount of time in a certain direction.
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| acceleration | The change in velocity during a period of time.
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| force | A push or pull.
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| friction | A force that keeps objects from moving.
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| momentum | The mass and velocity (speed and direction) of an object.
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| first law of motion | An object tends to stay at the same velocity; an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object at motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by some outside force.
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| inertia | The resistance to a change in motion.
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| gravity | The pull of one object on another.
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| second law of motion | The acceleration of an object is related to the objects mass and the amount of force being exerted on the object; can be written as mass x acceleration = force.
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| third law of motion | All forces come in pairs; when an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts and equal force back on the first object; also called the law of action and reaction.
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| work | A force acting on something and moving it a distance.
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| newton | The unit used to measure force (weight).
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| joule | The unit used to measure work; equal to one newton meter of work.
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| machine | An object that makes work easier.
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| effort force | The force applied to a simple machine.
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| resistance force | The force that works against the effort force.
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| lever | A simple machine consisting of any bar that turns on a fulcrum.
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| fulcrum | The fixed point on which a lever turns.
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| first-class lever | A type of lever that has the fulcrum between the effort and resistance.
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| second-class lever | A type of lever that has the resistance between the effort and fulcrum.
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| third-class lever | A type of lever that has the effort between the resistance and the fulcrum.
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| pulley | Simple machine consisting of a wheel with a chain or rope wrapped in the groove of the wheel.
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| fixed pulley | A type of pulley that is attached to something so that the pulley does not move; it changes the direction of a force.
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| moveable pulley | A type of pulley that moves along a rope where the effort is above the pulley.
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| block and tackle | An arrangement of fixed and movable pulleys connected by ropes.
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| mechanical advantage | The decrease in effort needed to move an object.
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| wheel and axle | A simple machine consisting of a wheel and a rod running through the axle.
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| inclined plane | A simple machine consisting of a flat, slanted surface, such as a ramp.
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| wedge | A simple machine consisting of two inclined planes back-to-back.
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| screw | A simple machine consisting of an inclined plane that is wound around a cylinder or cone.
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| threads | Ridges in a screw.
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| compound machine | A machine that combines two or more simple machines.
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