Terms, Abbreviations & Meanings
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1c | blood test the measures HbA1c
🗑
|
||||
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone
🗑
|
||||
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone
🗑
|
||||
| BGM | blood glucose monitoringBMR
🗑
|
||||
| BMR | basal metabolic rate
🗑
|
||||
| DI | diabetes insipidus
🗑
|
||||
| DM | diabetes mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| FBG | fasting blood glucose
🗑
|
||||
| FBS | fasting blood sugar
🗑
|
||||
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone
🗑
|
||||
| GH | growth hormone
🗑
|
||||
| GTT | gulcose tolerance test
🗑
|
||||
| HbA1c | glycolsylated hemoglobin test
🗑
|
||||
| hCG | homan chrorionic gonadotropin
🗑
|
||||
| ICSH | interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
🗑
|
||||
| IDDM | insulin-dependent diabetes-mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| IGF | unsulin-like growth factor
🗑
|
||||
| K+ | potasium
🗑
|
||||
| LH | luteinizing hormone
🗑
|
||||
| MEN | multiple endocrine neoplasia
🗑
|
||||
| Na+ | sodium
🗑
|
||||
| NIDDM | non-insulin-dependent diabetes-mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| 17-OH | 17-hydroxycorticosteriods
🗑
|
||||
| OT | oxytoxin
🗑
|
||||
| PRL | prolactin
🗑
|
||||
| PTH | parathyroid hormone
🗑
|
||||
| RAI | radioactive iodine
🗑
|
||||
| RIA | radioimmunoassay
🗑
|
||||
| SIADH | syndrome of inapproriate ADH
🗑
|
||||
| STH | somatotropin
🗑
|
||||
| T3 | triidothyronine
🗑
|
||||
| T4 | thyroxine - tetraiodothyronine
🗑
|
||||
| TFT | thyroid function test
🗑
|
||||
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone
🗑
|
||||
| adenohypophysis | anterior lobe of pituitary gland consisting of glandular tissue
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal cortex | outer section of each adrenal gland
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal medulla | inner section of each adrenal gland
🗑
|
||||
| adrenaline | hormone secreted by adrenal medulla; epinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | stimulate adrenal cortex growth & secretion of three steroid hormones, particularly cortisol
🗑
|
||||
| andrenocorticotropin | adrenocorticotropic hormone
🗑
|
||||
| aldosterone | secreted by adrenal cortex; increases amount of sodium & decreases amount of potasium in blood by targeting kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| androgen | male hormone responsible for devloping & maintaining male secondary characteristics
🗑
|
||||
| antidiuretic hormone | decreases production of urine; causes kidney tubules to reabsorb water & return to blood
🗑
|
||||
| calcitonin | lowers calcium levels in blood; secreted by thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| catecholamines | any of a group of sympathomimetic amines whose molecule has an aromatic portion of catechol
🗑
|
||||
| epinephrine is an example of | catecholamines
🗑
|
||||
| corticosteroid | hormone secreted by adrenal cortes
🗑
|
||||
| cortisol & aldosterone are examples of | corticosteroids
🗑
|
||||
| cortisol | regulates use of sugars, fats & proteins in cells, secreted by adrenal medulla
🗑
|
||||
| this hormone raises blood sugar | cortisol
🗑
|
||||
| electrolyte | substance that, in solution, carries an electric charges
🗑
|
||||
| sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++) & chloride (Cl-) are examples of | electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| epinephrine | increases heart rate & blood pressure in response to "fight/flight" reaction
🗑
|
||||
| estradiol | one of the estrogens hormones secreted by ovaries
🗑
|
||||
| estrogens | female hormones secreted by ovaries & to lesser extent adrenal cortex in male/female
🗑
|
||||
| euthyroid | normal functioning thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| follicle stimulating hormone | secretion of anterior love of pituitary gland; timulates ovarian follicles to produce egg cells
🗑
|
||||
| glucagon | when blood sugar low stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose
🗑
|
||||
| hormone secrete by alph islet cells of pancreas | glucagon
🗑
|
||||
| glucocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by middle layer of adrenal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| cortisol is an example of | glucocorticoid
🗑
|
||||
| glycemic | pertaining to blood sugar
🗑
|
||||
| glycogen | animal starch; glycogen broken down througgh glycogenolysis to produce glucose
🗑
|
||||
| gonadotropic hormones | FSH & LH; secreted by inner layer of adrenal cortex
🗑
|
||||
| growth hormone | secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary; stimulates growth of bones/soft tissues
🗑
|
||||
| somatotropin is an example of | growth hormone
🗑
|
||||
| homeostasis | tendency in an organism to return to a state of constancy & stability
🗑
|
||||
| hormonal | pertaining to a hormone
🗑
|
||||
| hormone | chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland
🗑
|
||||
| insulin | helps sugar leave blood & enter cells by stimulating cells to burn glucose for energy
🗑
|
||||
| luteinizing hormone | secreted by anterior love of pituitary; stimulate ovaries to ovulate & produce hormones
🗑
|
||||
| mineralcorticoid | secreted by adrenal cortes; regulates electrolytes & water balance in body
🗑
|
||||
| aldosterone in an example of | a mineralcorticoid
🗑
|
||||
| neurohypophysis | posterior lobe of pituitary composed of nervous tissue
🗑
|
||||
| secretes oxytoxin & vasopressin | nerohypophysis
🗑
|
||||
| norepinephrine | increases blood pressure as part of "fight/flight" reaction
🗑
|
||||
| hormone secretes by adrenal medulla & is a sympathomimetic | norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| oxytocin | stimulates the smooth muscles of the uterus to contract during labor & delivery
🗑
|
||||
| hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary; used during childbirth | oxytocin
🗑
|
||||
| pancreas | endocrine (islet cells) & exocrine (enzyme producing cells) gland behind stomach
🗑
|
||||
| parathormone | regulates calcium in blood
🗑
|
||||
| parathyroid glands | four small endocrine glands attached to posterior side of thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| pineal gland | cone-shaped gland in center of brain
🗑
|
||||
| secretes melatonin | pineal gland
🗑
|
||||
| pituitary gland | small pea-shaped gland attached to undersurface of hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| anterior & posterior lobes secrete hormones | pituitary glands
🗑
|
||||
| progesterone | hormone secreted by ovaries
🗑
|
||||
| prolactin | promotes mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth
🗑
|
||||
| receptor | cellular/nuclear protein that binds to a hormone to elicit response by targeted tissue
🗑
|
||||
| sella turcica | cavoty in base of skull; contain pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| somatotropin | hormone secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| steriod | complex substance related to fat
🗑
|
||||
| target tissue | cells of an organ that are affected/stimulated by specific hormones
🗑
|
||||
| testosterone | hormone secretes by testes
🗑
|
||||
| tetraiodothyronine | hormone secreted by thyroid that increases body metabolism; thyroxine (T4)
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid gland | endocrine gland in anterior neck on front & sides of trachea, just below thyroid cartilage
🗑
|
||||
| thyrotropin | control the release of thyroid hormone & stimulates growth & function of thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| thyrotropin is also called | thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH
🗑
|
||||
| vasopressin | hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary; stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water
🗑
|
||||
| also called ADH | vasopressin
🗑
|
||||
| triiodothyronine | hormone secreted by thyroid containing 3 atoms of iodine; stimulates body metabolism (T3)
🗑
|
||||
| chemical messengers of the endocrine system | travel through the bloodstream
🗑
|
||||
| effects of the endocrine system tend to | appear more slowly and to last longer
🗑
|
||||
| metabolic processes | activities involving distribution of nutrients, generate energy & eliminate waste
🗑
|
||||
| play an important role in growth, development, and reproduction | endocrine glands
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine glands regulate | metabolic processes
🗑
|
||||
| Endocrine glands help to maintain | homeostasis
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine glands are | ductless glands
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine glands secrete chemicals through the | glandular membrane
🗑
|
||||
| exocrine glands deliver their secretetions | through a duct
🗑
|
||||
| The word "hormone" is from the Greek | hormaein, meaning to excite, arouse, or set in motion
🗑
|
||||
| chemically hormones are either | proteins formed from amino acids or steroids made from lipid cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| sex glands & outer region of adrenal cortes secrete | steroid hormones
🗑
|
||||
| protein hormones | bind with receptors on plasma membrane of target tissue's cells
🗑
|
||||
| steroid hormones | pass through plasma membrane & bind with receptors inside the cell
🗑
|
||||
| erythropoeitin | stimulates production of red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| "the master gland" | pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| anterior lobe of pituitary is under the control of | the hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| growth hormone stimulating skeletal muscles & long bones of body | somatotropin
🗑
|
||||
| growth hormone also promotes the | synthesis of proteins, performs cell repair & helps maintain blood glucose levels
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine gland located in sella tucica | the pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| the anterior lobe of pituitary is an upward extension of | the pharynx
🗑
|
||||
| the posterior lobe of pituitary is a downward projection of | the brain
🗑
|
||||
| the pituitary gland is the target organ for the | hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| by secreting releasing and release-inhibiting hormones, the hypothalamus | controls secretions of anterior pituitary lobe
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus produces hormones that are transported to the posterior pituitary lobe | where they are stored until needed
🗑
|
||||
| lactogenic hormone | prolactin; secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| hormone secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary | thyrotropin, or thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
🗑
|
||||
| adrenocorticotropic hormone is secreted by | the pituitary anterior lobe
🗑
|
||||
| anterior pituitary secretes two | gonadotropic hormones
🗑
|
||||
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | affects skin pigment-producing cells; secretes by anterior lobe of pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| pigmentation of the skin is increased | when an excessive amount of MSH is secreted
🗑
|
||||
| stimulated by nerve impulses from hypothalamus to release stored hormones | posterior lobe of pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| hormones secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary | antidiuretic hormone & oxytocin
🗑
|
||||
| insufficient secretion of ADH can | increase urine production
🗑
|
||||
| vasopressin is capable of causing | smooth muscles of blood vessels to contract & elevate blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| also responsible for release/let down of milk from mammary glands in response to infant suckling | oxytocin
🗑
|
||||
| melatonin | believed to act on specific receptors to influence body biological clock
🗑
|
||||
| regulates sleep/wake cycle | melatonin
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid gland consists of | a right & left lobe
🗑
|
||||
| the isthmus is | narrow strip, in the middle, connecting R&L lobe of thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| dependent of both hypothalamus & pituitary gland for its regulation | thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid tissues consist of | follicles
🗑
|
||||
| follicles | tiny structural units with walls lined with follicular cells
🗑
|
||||
| follicular cells | cube-shaped cells lining walls of follicles in thyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| colloid | clear, thick substance filling follicles of thyroid tissues
🗑
|
||||
| parafollicular cells are located | between the thyroid follicles
🗑
|
||||
| parafollicular cells of thyroid secrete | the hormone calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| calcitonin is not under the control of | thyroid-releasing/stimulating hormones
🗑
|
||||
| calcitonin induces calcium to | leave the blood and enter bone tissue for increased bone formation
🗑
|
||||
| follicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete | triiodothyronine (T3) & tetraiodothyronine, also called thyroxine, or T4
🗑
|
||||
| triiodothyronine (T3) & tetraiodothyronine, also called thyroxine, or T4 are both | synthesized from iodine
🗑
|
||||
| parathyroid glands have three target organs on which to act | bone, kidneys & digestive tract
🗑
|
||||
| parathormone stimulates | release of calcium from bones, kidneys to reabsorb calcium from urine & increases absorption of calcium in digestive tract
🗑
|
||||
| PTH has an effect on blood calcium levels that is opposite to that of | calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| calcitonin & PTH help to maintain | correct balance of calcium in blood
🗑
|
||||
| correct balance of calcium in blood, by calcitonin & PTH, is accomplished by | negative feedback; info about effect of hormone, is supplied to gland that secretes it
🗑
|
||||
| thymus | lies in mediastinum beneath sternum
🗑
|
||||
| endocrine function of thymus | secrete thymosin
🗑
|
||||
| thymosin | stimulate development of immune system & production of lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal glands are also called | suprarenal
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal glands | two small secretory organs, each of which sits on top of a kidney
🗑
|
||||
| the two regions of adrenal glands | secrete different hormones
🗑
|
||||
| hormones secreted by adrenal medulla | epinephrine & norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| epinephrine & norepinephrine are released into blood stream in response to stimulation by | the sympatheric nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| glucocorticoids, secreted by adrenal cortex, respond to stress by | increasing blood glucose
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal cortexs releases mineralocorticoids that | maintain electrolyte balance by the kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| innermost layer of adrenal cortex secrete small amounts of | sex hormones, resembling testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| consists of three distinct layers, each secretes specific class of | cortical hormones
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal cortex secretes three types of steroid hormones know as | corticosteroids
🗑
|
||||
| mineralocorticoids maintain electrolyte balance by | regulating amount of mineral salts in blood
🗑
|
||||
| maintain normal blood glucose & blood pressure | glucocorticoids
🗑
|
||||
| cortisol is also known as | hydrocortisone
🗑
|
||||
| release of hydrocortisone occurs in response to | secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary, under direction of hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| cortisol exerts | an anti-inflammatory effect
🗑
|
||||
| secreted in greater amounts during times of physiological stress | cortisol/hydrocortisone
🗑
|
||||
| cortisol & cortison can be prepared synthetically & are | prescribed for inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| responsible for secondary sex characteristics & required for reproduction | gonadocorticoids in the form of andogrens
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal cortex secretes two non-steroidal hormones called | catecholamines
🗑
|
||||
| catecholamines play an important role in the body's physiological response | to stress
🗑
|
||||
| sympathomimetic hormones | epinephrine & norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| sympathomimetic hormones exert effects similar to | the sympathetic nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| long gland that stretches across the posterior wall of the upper abdomen | the pancreas
🗑
|
||||
| as an exocrine the pancreas aids in | the digestion of food
🗑
|
||||
| islets of Langerhans | clusters of cells, scattered throughout pancreas, forming endocrine portion
🗑
|
||||
| islets of Langerhans consist of two types of cells | alpha & beta cells
🗑
|
||||
| alpha cells secrete | the hormone glucagon
🗑
|
||||
| beta cells secrete | the hormone insulin
🗑
|
||||
| promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen | insulin
🗑
|
||||
| insulin is antagonized by | glucagon, which opposes its effects
🗑
|
||||
| when blood sugar levels are low, glucagon also triggers the transformation of | fatty acids and amino acids into glucose
🗑
|
||||
| estrogens include | estradiol & estrone
🗑
|
||||
| ovaries secrete two female sex hormone | which are estrogens & progesterone
🗑
|
||||
| estradiol & estrone are responsible for expression of female sex characteristics & | maintaining proper sequence in female reproductive cycle
🗑
|
||||
| prepares the uterine lining for, & maintains it during, pregnancy | progesterone
🗑
|
||||
| testes are located in | the scrotum
🗑
|
||||
| testosterone is responsible for | maturation of secondary sex characteristics in men
🗑
|
||||
| these control both male & female hormones | releasing hormones of hypothalamus & gonadotropins of anterior pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| hormones who target organs are the gonads | gonadotropins
🗑
|
||||
| lactogenic | pertaining to production of milk
🗑
|
||||
| gonadotropin | substance that stimulates the sex organs
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
lfrancois
Popular Medical sets