Organic Chem, Vocabulary Words,Chapter 13, Mandy
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| Unsaturated | A molecule that contains a carbon-carbon multiple bond, to which more hydrogen atoms can be added.
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| Saturated | A molecule whose carbon atoms bond to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
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| Alkene | A hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
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| Alkyne | A hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond.
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| Cycloalkene | A cyclic hydrocarbon that contains a double bond.
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| Cis-trans isomers | Alkenes that have the same connections between atoms but differ in their three-dimensional structures because of the way that groups are attached to different sides of the double bond.
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| Addition reaction | A general reaction type in which a substance X-Y adds to the multiple bond of an unsaturated reactant to yield a saturated product that has only single bonds.
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| Elimination reaction | A general reaction type in which a saturated reactant yields an unsaturated product by losing groups from two adjacent carbons.
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| Substitution reaction | A general reaction type in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
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| Rearrangement reaction | A general reaction type in which a molecule undergoes bond reorganization to yield an isomer.
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| Hydrogenation | The addition of H2 to a multiple bond to give a saturated product.
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| Halogenation (alkene) | The addition of Cl2 to Br2 to a multiple bond to give a dihalide product.
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| Hydrohalogenation | The addition of HCl or HBr to a multiple bond to give an alkyl halide product.
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| Hydration | The addition of water to a multiple bond to give an alcohol product.
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| Reaction mechanism | A description of the individual steps by which old bonds are broken and new bonds formed are in a reaction.
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| Polymer | A large molecule formed by the repetitive bonding together of many smaller molecules.
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| Monomer | A small molecule that is used to prepare a polymer.
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| Aromatic | The class of compounds containing benzene-like rings.
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| Resonance | The phenomenon where the true structure of a molecule is an average among two or more conventional structures.
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| Nitration | The substitution of a nitro group (-NO2) for a hydrogen on an aromatic ring.
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| Halogenation (aromatic) | The substitution of a halogen group(-X) for a hydrogen on an aromatic ring.
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| Sulfonation | The substitution of a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) for a hydrogen on an aromatic ring.
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| Phenyl | The C6H5-group.
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| Markovnikov's rule | In the addition of HX to an alkene, the H becomes attached to the carbon that already has the most H's, and the X becomes attached to the carbon that has fewer H's.
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