spiro
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| INDIRECT life cycle – arthropod I.H. (L1 –L3) | SPIRUROIDS
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| Most have 2 lateral lips – pseudolabia | SPIRUROIDS
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| Spicules – dissimilar shape and size | SPIRUROIDS
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| Ovoviviparous (embryonated) eggs | SPIRUROIDS
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| Horse Eyeworm | Thelazia lacrymalis
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| Dog Eyeworm | Thelazia californiensis
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| Found in lachrymal ducts, conjunctival sac and under nictitating membrane | Thelazia californiensis
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| Dogs, sheep, deer, cats and horses | Thelazia californiensis
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| Zoonotic | Thelazia californiensis
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| VECTOR – Fruit fly, Fannia canicularis & F. benjamini (muscoid latrine flies) | Thelazia californiensis
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| Phospholine & IsoflurophateLevamsiole & Doramectin | Thelazia californiensis
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| Adults -in the stomach, cecum & colon | Habronema
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| Adults have a cylindrical buccal capsule | Habronema
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| Eggs: long, thin-shelled and embryonated when passed in the feces (hot dog shape) | Habronema
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| Proud Flesh (excessive granulation tissue | Habronema
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| Summer sores or Swamp cancer | Habronema
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| Chronic gastritis & ulcerations | Habronema
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| Adults reside in nodules in the stomach | Draschia
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| Same life cycle (M. domestica) and pathology as Habronema | Draschia
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| Large stout worms | PHYSALOPTERA
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| Stomach or intestine (cats and dogs) | PHYSALOPTERA
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| 2 large pseudolabia armed w/teeth – firmly attached to mucosa | PHYSALOPTERA
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| Female – many ovaries & uteri | PHYSALOPTERA
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| Eggs: thick walled, embryonated | PHYSALOPTERA
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| Dogs/Cats pass eggs w/L1…..ingested by I.H. (roaches, crickets, beetles) L1 to L3…or Paratenic host (frogs, snakes, rodents) | PHYSALOPTERA
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| Vomiting Anorexia Dark, tarry fecesAnimals may lose weight | PHYSALOPTERA
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| The adults reside in nodules in the wall of the esophagus, stomach or aorta | SPIROCERCA LUPI
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| DH: Dogs and cats (wild) | SPIROCERCA LUPI
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| Important factor in development of a malignant tumor of the esophagus | SPIROCERCA LUPI
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| Ingested by dung beetle (L1 – L3) | SPIROCERCA LUPI
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| Ingestion by D.H. – walls of esophagus & stomach | SPIROCERCA LUPI
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| I.H. ingested by a paratenic host (amphibia, reptiles, wild birds) – L3 encyst in esophagus, mesentery or organ | SPIROCERCA LUPI
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| SPIROCERCA LUPI | Vomiting, Sudden death (rupture of aorta)Wasting (loss of weight), emaciation
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| REPORTABLE DISEASE IN THE U.S. | DRACUNCULUS
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| 1900 – found throughout Africa, the Middle East, Central & South Asia | DRACUNCULUS
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| Tadpoles of frogs (Xenopus & Rana) were capable of ingesting copepods w/ L3 | DRACUNCULUS
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| Ingested – L3 migrate (gut – somatic tissues) | DRACUNCULUS
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| (raccoons, dogs, cats) – N.America | D. insignis
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| (HUMANS) – Africa, India | D. medinensis
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| DRACUNCULUS | Female is larviparous (viviparous) and may reach 3 feet long
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| Contraction instigated by water, cause worm and uterus to protrude through the wound | DRACUNCULUS
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