Disorders of Lymphatic & Immune Systems
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| AIDS | syndrome associated with suppression of immune system & marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms & neurological problems
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| HIV causes | AIDS
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| HIV destroys | helper T cells
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| destruction of helper T cells | disrupts cell-mediated immune response, allowing infections to occur
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| opportunistic infections | immunosupressed patients have a lowered resistance which allows infection by bacteria & parasites that are usually contained by normal defenses
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| HIV can cause | opportunistic infections
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| Kaposi sarcoma | cancer arising from lining cells of capillaries producing bluish=red skin nodules
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| lymphoma | cancer of lym nodes
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| Wasting syndrome | marked b y weight loss & decreased muscular strength, appetite & mental activity
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| might occur with AIDS | Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma & Wasting syndrome
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| HIV-positive | patients who were exposed to HIV & now have antibodies in their bloodstream
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| HIV has been known to remain ____ for up to 10 yrs | asymptomatic
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| drugs used to treat AIDS inhibit the viral enzyme | reverse transriptase (RT)
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| after invading helper Tcells HIV releases | RT
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| examples of RTIs | zidovudine & lampivudine
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| HIV needs ____ to make viral proteins, essential to structure & reproduction | protease
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| there is a 2nd class of anti-HIV drugs which are inhibitors of | viral protease (proteolytic) enzyme
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| examples of protease inhibitors are | nelfinavir & amprenavir
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| combination of RT and protease inhibitors | HAART
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| allergy | abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
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| anaphylaxis | extraordinary hypersensitivity reaction occurs throughout the body
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| this can be life threatening but if treatment given immediately and airway kept open patient's usually survive | anaphylaxis
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| atopic dermatitis | hypersensitivity, or allergic state arising from an inherited predisposition, of the skin to soaps, cosmestics or chemicals
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| atopy | intense allergic reastion influenced by hereditary tendancy or predisposition
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| atopic | realted to atopy
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| someone who is atopic is | prone to allergies
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| lymphoma | malignant tumor of lymph nodes & lymph tissue
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| types of lymphoma vary according to | particular cell type & degree of differentiation
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| Hodgkin disease | malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen & lymph nodes
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| characterized by lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, fever, weakness & loss of weight & appetite | Hodgkin disease
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| diagnosis of hodgkin disease is often made by indenifying the | malignant cell (Reed-Sternberg cell)
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| Reed-Sternberg cell | are different giant cells found on light microscopy in biopsies from individuals with Hodgkin's lymphoma & certain other disorders;usually derived from B lymphocytes
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| if Hodgkin disease is localized treatment may include | radiotherapy or chemotherapy
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| if Hodgkin disease is widespread | chemotherapy is given alone
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| types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma include | follicular lymphoma & large cell lymphoma
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| follicular lymphoma | composed of collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle/nodule arrangement
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| large cell lymphoma | composed of large lymphocytes that infiltrate nodes & tissues diffusely
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| chemotherapy may cure/stop this disease | non-Hodgkin lymphoma
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| multiple myeloma | malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
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| tumor composed of antibody-producing B lymphocytes associated with high levels of one of the specific immunogolbulins | multiple myeloma
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| usually high levels of ___ are found in multiple myelome | IgG
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| Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | malignant tumor of B cells, which produce large quantities of IgM
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| increased IgM concentration impairs passage of blood through capillaries in brain & eyes, causing | hyperviscosity syndrome
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| hyperviscosity syndrome | thickening of the blood
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| thymoma | malignant tumor of thymus gland
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| signs & symptoms of thmoma are | cough, dyspnea, dysphagia, fever, chest pain, weight loss & anorexia
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| the tumor, in thmoma, if often associated with disorders of | the immune system that cause muscular weakness or anemia
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| thymoma treatments include | surgery to remove tumor is principal, postop radiation therapy is used for patients with evidence that tumor has spread
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| pneumonitis | inflammation of the lung
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| emergency treatments for anaphylaxis | epinephrine and antihistamines
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| allergic rhinitis | hay fever,
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| inflammation of the nasal passages; a watery nasal discharge; sneezing; and itching around the eyes, nose, throat, and mout | symptoms of allergic rhinitis
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| allergic rhinitis is the | most common type of immune system hypersensitivity and may occur year-round or seasonally
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| examples of atopic conditions are | asthma, uticaria, & atopic dermatitis
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| uticaria | hives
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| examples of immediate hypersensitivity reactions that result from altered humoral immunity | anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis & atopic disorders
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| tranfusion reaction | potentially fatal response that occurs when a recipient receives incompatible blood
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| other types of hypersensitivity reactions, such as hives, are delayed responses caused by | alterations in cell-mediated immunity
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| Deficiencies of the immune system may be | congenital or acquired
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| when th body rejects a transplanted organ | example of isoimmunity
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| isoimmunity | normal undesirable immunity
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| HIV reversing the normal process | copies itself by using RNA to synthesize a DNA molecule
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| HIV destroys | cell mediated immunity
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| HIV enters the cytoplasm, where it uncoats & uses its enzyme ______ to make viral DNA from its RNA | reverse transcriptase
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| HIV viral DMA inserts itself into the host chromosome using the ciral enzyme ___ | integrase
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| the enzyme ___ helps to spread the AIDS virus throughout the body | protease
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