Pumas Soil Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| weathering | The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth’s surface.
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| erosion | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil.
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| mechanical weathering | The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
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| abrasion | The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.
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| ice wedging | Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
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| chemical weathering | The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
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| oxidation | A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust.
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| soil | The loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow.
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| bedrock | The solid layer of rock beneath the soil.
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| humus | Dark-colored organic material in soil.
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| fertility | A measure of how well soil supports plant growth.
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| soil horizon | The layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
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| topsoil | Mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals that forms the crumbly, topmost layer of soil.
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| subsoil | The layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals.
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| litter | The loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil.
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| decomposer | Soil organism that breaks down the remains of organisms and digests them.
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| Dust Bowl | The area of the Great Plains where wind erosion caused soil loss during the 1930s.
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| soil conservation | The management of soil to prevent its destruction
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| contour plowing | Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.
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| conservation plowing | Soil conservation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year’s crop are left in the ground to hold the soil in place.
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| crop rotation | The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil’s fertility.
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| sediment | Earth materials deposited by erosion.
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| deposition | Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.
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| mass movement | Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill.
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