Auditory System WUPT
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Sound travels in waves that consists of alternating ______ and ______ | condensation and rarefactions
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| ______ determines pitch | frequency
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| _____ determines perceived loudness | amplitude
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| after entering the ear canal, sound will be transmitted via | vibration of the tympanic membrane on the ossicles which in turn vibrate against the oval window
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| the ossicles of the ear | malleus, incus, stapes
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| the middle ear is filled with _____ | air
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| the inner ear is filled with _____ | fluid (perilymph and endolymph)
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| perilymph is found in the ______ and ______ | scala vestibuli and scala tympani
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| endolymph is found in the _____ | scala media
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| hair cells are the receptor cells of the ______ which is found in the _____ | organi of corti; scala media
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| three compartments of the cochlea | scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani
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| pressure waves caused by vibration of the ossicles against the oval window cause ossilation of the ____________ | basilar membrane of the scala media
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| the basilar membrane of the organ of corti consists of _____ rows of hair cells, ____ outer and ___ inner | 4; 3 outer(important for sound amplification); 1 inner (important for sound detection)
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| the apical surface of each hair cell contains a bundle of _________ | stereocilia
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| basilar membrane movements cause ________ | the sterocilia to bend
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| the longest sterocilium is called the ________ | kinocilium
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| if the vibrations of the basilar membrane cause a hair cell's sterocilia to bend towards teh kinocilium it will release ______ neurotransmitter | more
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| if the vibrations of the basilar membrane cause a hair cell's sterocilia to bend away from the kinocilium it will release ______ neurotransmitter | less
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| the potassium channels on the hair cells are ______ | mechanically gated
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| the hair cells at the base of the basilar membrane are ___ and ____ most sensitive to _____ frequencies | short and stiff; high
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| the hair cells at the apex of the basilar membrane are ____ and ____ and are most sensitive to _____ frequencies | long and flexible; low
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| the afferents that come from the hair cells synapse upon the ______ ganglion | spiral
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| spiral ganglion axons project to the ____ nucleus | cochlear (has a tonotopic arrangement)
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| 3 options for asceding connections from the cochlear nuclei | dorsal acoustaic stria, intermediate acoustic stria, trapezoid body
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| pathway by which superior olives get bilateral info | trapezoid body
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| first place in the brain where bilateral auditory information is received | superior olive
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| after the superior olive the trapezoid body tract joins with the dorsal and intermediate stria to form the ________ which then travels to the ________ | lateral lamniscus; inferior colliculus
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| the axons that originate in the inferior colliculus synapse in the ______ | medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
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| the axons of the mgn of the thalamus ascend to the ____ | primary auditory cortex
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| A1 has a ____ map | tonotopic
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| 2 ways brain localizes sound | 1. interaural time differences; 2. interaural intensity differences
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| connection between ears and back of the throat | eustachian tube
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| a person with ______ will be able to hear a tuning fork if you press it against the temporal bone behind the ear | conduction deafness (problem with ossicles of the middle ear)
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| a person with ______ deafness has damage to the cochlea (inner ear) | sensorineural
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| how a cochlear implant works | by stimulating the VIII nerve directly, bypassing the structures in the inner ear
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