Auditory System WUPT

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Sound travels in waves that consists of alternating ______ and ______   condensation and rarefactions  
______ determines pitch   frequency  
_____ determines perceived loudness   amplitude  
after entering the ear canal, sound will be transmitted via   vibration of the tympanic membrane on the ossicles which in turn vibrate against the oval window  
the ossicles of the ear   malleus, incus, stapes  
the middle ear is filled with _____   air  
the inner ear is filled with _____   fluid (perilymph and endolymph)  
perilymph is found in the ______ and ______   scala vestibuli and scala tympani  
endolymph is found in the _____   scala media  
hair cells are the receptor cells of the ______ which is found in the _____   organi of corti; scala media  
three compartments of the cochlea   scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani  
pressure waves caused by vibration of the ossicles against the oval window cause ossilation of the ____________   basilar membrane of the scala media  
the basilar membrane of the organ of corti consists of _____ rows of hair cells, ____ outer and ___ inner   4; 3 outer(important for sound amplification); 1 inner (important for sound detection)  
the apical surface of each hair cell contains a bundle of _________   stereocilia  
basilar membrane movements cause ________   the sterocilia to bend  
the longest sterocilium is called the ________   kinocilium  
if the vibrations of the basilar membrane cause a hair cell's sterocilia to bend towards teh kinocilium it will release ______ neurotransmitter   more  
if the vibrations of the basilar membrane cause a hair cell's sterocilia to bend away from the kinocilium it will release ______ neurotransmitter   less  
the potassium channels on the hair cells are ______   mechanically gated  
the hair cells at the base of the basilar membrane are ___ and ____ most sensitive to _____ frequencies   short and stiff; high  
the hair cells at the apex of the basilar membrane are ____ and ____ and are most sensitive to _____ frequencies   long and flexible; low  
the afferents that come from the hair cells synapse upon the ______ ganglion   spiral  
spiral ganglion axons project to the ____ nucleus   cochlear (has a tonotopic arrangement)  
3 options for asceding connections from the cochlear nuclei   dorsal acoustaic stria, intermediate acoustic stria, trapezoid body  
pathway by which superior olives get bilateral info   trapezoid body  
first place in the brain where bilateral auditory information is received   superior olive  
after the superior olive the trapezoid body tract joins with the dorsal and intermediate stria to form the ________ which then travels to the ________   lateral lamniscus; inferior colliculus  
the axons that originate in the inferior colliculus synapse in the ______   medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus  
the axons of the mgn of the thalamus ascend to the ____   primary auditory cortex  
A1 has a ____ map   tonotopic  
2 ways brain localizes sound   1. interaural time differences; 2. interaural intensity differences  
connection between ears and back of the throat   eustachian tube  
a person with ______ will be able to hear a tuning fork if you press it against the temporal bone behind the ear   conduction deafness (problem with ossicles of the middle ear)  
a person with ______ deafness has damage to the cochlea (inner ear)   sensorineural  
how a cochlear implant works   by stimulating the VIII nerve directly, bypassing the structures in the inner ear  


   

 
 

 
 

 

 

 
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