strongyles & trichostrongyles
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| 2 teeth in buccal capsule, most pathogenic, causes acute verminous arteritis, cause of colic | S. vulgaris
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| no teeth | S. edentatus
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| 3 teeth in buccal capsule | S. equinus
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| – L3’s penetrate the mucosa of the cecum/colon→molt to L4 in the liver and migrate to the peritoneum→molt to L5 in the intestinal wall | S. edentatus
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| L4’s molt in the submucosa of the cecum/colon→migrate to the liver and L5’s molt in the intestinal wall/pancreas. | S. equinus
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| Life cycle - Direct and non-migratory, hypobiosis | Small strongyles (30+ species)
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| Pathology - mucosal lesions during larval encystment and re-emergence contributes to colic (abdominal distress | Small Strongyles
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| LEAF CROWN & TEETHIN BUCCAL CAPSULE | SMALL STRONGYLE
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| Parasiticide resistance | heritable mutation permits survival
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| resistance to all drugs within that action class (e.g., benzimidazoles) | Side resistance
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| Low-dose daily feeding of pyrantel tartrate may lead to resistance of | small strongyles
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| may promote the selection of resistance genes (against pryantel pamoate & oxibendazole) | The mode of administration
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| To slow or stop anthelmintic resistance | administer when actually needed
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| Swine Nodular worm | Oesophagostomum dentatum
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| Common in adults pigs | Oesophagostomum dentatum
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| reduced litter size | “Thin sow” syndrome
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| Nodular worm of cattle (O. radiatum | Oesophagostomum spp
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| May cause diarrhea | Oesophagostomum spp
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| Nodules are seen in the walls of small and large intestines. | Oesophagostomum spp
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| Adults in Large intestine | Oesophagostomum spp
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| sheep and goats) | O. venulosum, O. columbianum
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| Swine Kidney worm | Stephanurus dentatum
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| Complex life cycle, including larval migration through liver | Stephanurus dentatum
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| Adults have “mottled” appearance | Stephanurus dentatum
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| Condemnation of liver at slaughter | Stephanurus dentatum
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| Gapeworm | Syngamus trachea
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| Adults are “in permanent copula | Syngamus trachea
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| Form a “Y” shape | Syngamus trachea
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| Reside in trachea/upper bronchi of avian species | Syngamus trachea
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| Pathology – dyspnea, suffocation & death | Syngamus trachea
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| Brown or Western Stomach Worm | Ostertagia (Teladorsagia)
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| cattle | O. ostertagia
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| sheep and goats | T. circumcinta
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| larval invasion of gastric glands (2 main types of disease): | Ostertagia (Teladorsagia)
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| weanling calves in first grazing season are target animals (late spring); diarrhea and weight loss (low mortality) | Type 1
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| caused by rapid emergence of hypobiotic larvae, yearling calves enter second grazing season (late winter); may be high mortality | Type 2
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| Barber Pole Worm | Haemonchus
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| Most severe in sheep | Haemonchus
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| Adults have small buccal capsule w/lancet to pierce mucosa and suck blood | Haemonchus
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| Gut - uterus and ovaries wind around blood-filled gut resembling a barber pole | Haemonchus
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| Direct life cycle | Haemonchus
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| Hypobiosis - important for larvae to over-winter in host and reemerge when conditions are better | Haemonchus
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| acute haemonchosis (10,000+ worms) in young causes anemia & bottle jaw. | Haemonchus
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| Chronic haemonchosis (100-1000 worms) | Haemonchus
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| Use a scale to measure blood loss (anemia) in sheep & goats | FAMACHA
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| Selective rather than whole-herd treatment | FAMACHA
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| Designed to delay the development of resistance in an unselected population (“refugia” or wild gene pool) which have a pool of sensitive genes. | FAMACHA
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| Thin-necked intestinal worm | Nematodirus
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| Hosts: cattle and sheep | Nematodirus
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| Acute diarrhea in young animals | Nematodirus
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| Eggs – LARGER than typical trichostrongyle egg | Nematodirus
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| Cattle Bankrupt Worm | Cooperia
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| Hosts: cattle, sheep & goats | Cooperia
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| Not highly pathogenic | Cooperia
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| May cause some diarrhea, anorexia & depressed growth | Cooperia
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| Resides in the small intestine | Cooperia
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| Very common species | Trichostronglylus axei
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| Can cross-infect between ruminants, horses, and swine | Trichostronglylus axei
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| Causes gastroenteritis in young animals (“black scours”) | Trichostronglylus axei
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| “Red stomach worm” | Hyostrongylus
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| Larvated eggs found in “fresh” feces | Hyostrongylus
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| Direct life cycle; no migration of larvae | Hyostrongylus
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| Larvae molt in the gastric mucosa | Hyostrongylus
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| Clinical signs: anemia, poor appetite, stomach nodules & ulceration | Hyostrongylus
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