Reproductive System
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| What is the primary sexual organ in the male? in the female? | testis, ovary
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| What is function of the urethra in the male? in the female? | the urethera is used in both reproduction & urination in the male (and accordingly is long); for urination only in the female (and accordingly is short)
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| What are the components of the male urethra? | prostatic urethra, membranos urethra, penile urethra
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| Where are the testes located? | in the scrotum
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| What are the layers of the testes? | outer - tunica vaginalis; inner - tunica albuginea
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| Do the testes share a blood supply? | no - they are separated by a septum
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| What is the cremester reflex? | when the air temperature outside is much lower than body temperature, the testes are pulled up into the abdominal cavity and vice versa; the cremaster muscle causes this reflex
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| What is the normal temperature of the testes? | the testes are 3 degrees C cooler than the rest of the body (37 degrees C is normal body temperature)
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| Map the duct system of the male internal genital organs: | seminiferous tubules -> tubulus rectus -> rete testus -> epididymis -> vas deferens; (if not released, consumed by macrophages)
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| Where is sperm synthesized? | in the seminiferous tubules
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| How long does it take for sperm to mature? | 21 days
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| When is sperm released from the epididymis? to where? | at ejaculation to the vas deferens
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| What are the components of the spermatic cord? | vas deferens, VAN, lymphatics
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| Where does the spermatic cord enter the abdomen? | thru the inguinal ring
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| What is the ejaculatory duct? | the joining of the seminal vesicle & the vas deferens
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| What is the function of the seminal vesicle? | produces seminal fluid (makes up 60% of semen
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| What is semen composed of? | seminal fluid (from the seminal vesicle), prostatic fluid (from the prostate gland), mucus (from the blubourethral gland), and sperm
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| Where do the ejaculatory ducts join together? | with the prostatic urethra
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| What is the pH of semen? | it is alkaline, although the prostatic fluid component is slightly acidic
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| Where is the prosatic urethra located? | at the base of the bladder; it is surround by the prostate gland
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| What is the purpose of prostatic fluid? | it provides nutrients for the sperm and provides area for the sperm to swim; it is slightly acidic
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| What is the purpose of the bulbourethral? where is it located? | it adds a mucus secretion to the semen; it is located at the base of the prostate
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| How does semen move to the outside of the body? | through the urethra
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| What is the function of the penis? | it is the male organ for copulation
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| What are the 2 erectile structures in the shaft of penis? | corpus carvenosum (2) and the corpus spongiosum (located in the middle, surrounding the urethra)
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| What structures are located at the end of the penis? | the glans penis which is surrounded by the prepuce (foreskin)
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| What are the female external genital organs (EGO) called collectively? What are the components? | collectively - the vulva; mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, hymer, perineum, greater vestibular glands
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| What is the mons pubis? | a fat pad
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| What is the labia majora? | a skinfold that extends from the anterior vulva to the posterior bilaterally
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| Where is the labia minora located? What is contained within it? | the labia minora is enclosed within the labia majora; at the anterior end of the labia minor is the clitoris
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| Where is erectile tissue found in the female? | in the clitoris - it contains corpus spongiousum tissue
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| What is the space between the labia minora called? | the vestibule
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| What orifices are found within the vestibule? | anteriorly is the urethral orifice; posteriorly is the vaginal orifice
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| What covers the vaginal orifice in virgins? | fibrous tissue called the hymen
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| What is the area between the vagina and anus called? | the perineum
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| What is the GVG? | greater vestibular glands - located in the posterior aspect of the vagina; they secrete mucus-like material (as a lubricant)
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| What are the internal genital organs (IGO)? | ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus, cerevis, and vagina
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| What is the purpose of the ovaries? | to produce gametes (eggs or ovum)
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| What are the components of the fallopian tubes? | ampulla, infundibulum isthmus, and fimbriae
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| What happens to the mature ovum when it is released by the ovaries? | it is released into the peritoneal cavities, directed by the fimbriae into the ampulla
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| Where does fertilization take place? | in the ampulla
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| What are the 3 layers of the uterus? (from outer to inner) | perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium; the endometrium has 2 layers: top is the stratum functionalis which is shed during menstruation; bottom is stratum basalis which replaces the lost runctionalis layer
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| Where is the uterine fundus located? | on top
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| Where does the zygote implant? | in the posterior part of the fundus
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| What are the components of the uterus? | fundus (on top), body, and cervix
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| What are the internal os and the external os? | the internal os of the cervis opens into the uterus; the external os of the cervix opens into the vagina
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| What is the mucus plug? | contained within the cervix; thins out mid-cycle to allow sperm through
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| What is the function of the vagina? | it is a muscular tube and is the female organ for copulation
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| How are internal genital organs kept in place? | by ligaments: broad, ovarian, and round
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| What is pelvic relaxation? | when the ligaments holding the genital organs in place loosens; can result in stress incontinence and uterine prolapse
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| What are the 6 homologous genital structures in the female and male? | ovary/testes, clitoris/midventral penis, greater vestibular glands/bulbourethral glands, labia majora/scrotum, labia minora/body of penis, vestibule/perineal raphe
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| What are the 3 phases in the menstrual cycle? | menstrual, proliferative, secretory
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| What are the stages of development of the oocyte? | primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, Graafian follicle (most mature)
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| What causes the oocyte/follicle to mature? | estrogen
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| When does the oocyte develop? | during the proliferative phase
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| What induces the ovaries to produces estrogen? | FSH - follicle-stimulating hormone
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| What happens during ovulation? When does this happen? | Ovulation occurs on day 14; the Graafian follicle ruptures and release the ovum into the peritoneal cavity
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| What is the life span of the ovum? of sperm? | the ovum lives approximately 24 hrs; sperm live approximately 72 hours
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| What happens to the follicle after ovulation? | the empty follicle becomes the corpus luteum
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Created by:
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