Mod 1-9 (mixed) All terms & definitions_8
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| medulla | inner region of an organ
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| medullary | pertaining to the medulla or an organ
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| micturition | urination; voiding
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| nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of kidney stones
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| nephrolithotomy | incision of the kidney to remove a stone
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| nephron | functional unit of the kidney; consists of a glomerulus, renal tubule and collecting tubule
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| nephropathy | disease or abnormality of the kidney
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| nephroptosis | prolapse of a kidney; floating or wandering kidney
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| nephrosclerosis | hardening of arteries and arterioles in the kidney
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| nephrostomy | opening of kidney to the outside of the body
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| nephrotic syndrome | group of symptoms that occur due to loss of protein in the urine; symptoms include edema, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, & susceptibility to infection; also known as nephrosis
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| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine; urea, creatinine & uric acid
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| nocturia | urinary frequency at night
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| oliguria | scanty urine
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| paranephric | pertaining to beside or near a kidney
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| peritoneal dialysis | separation of nitrogenous wastes from bloodstream by introducing fluid into the peritoneal cavity; wastes leave the bloodstream which is drained through an abdominal catheter
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| perivesical | pertaining to surrounding the urinary bladder
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| phenylketonuria | excess of phenylketones in the urine; diagnosed by a PKU test at birth
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| polycystic kidney disease | kidneys are filled with cysts that prevent normal kidney function
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| polydypsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | excessive urination
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| potassium | chemical element that forms salts with other minerals such as calcium and is vital for bodily processes; when dissolved in water, it is an electrolyte whose balance is regulated by the kidney
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| pyleogram | x-ray record of the kidney after injection of contrast material
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| pyelolithotomy | incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis of the kidney
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney; caused by bacterial infection
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| pyuria | pus in the urine; sign of urinary tract infection (UTI)
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| reabsorption | process in the kidney by which the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
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| renal angiography | x-ray record of blood vessels of the kidney after injecting contrast material
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| renal angioplasty | surgical repair of blood vessels in the kidney; narrowed areas of renal arteries are dilated using an inflatable balloon attached to a catheter
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| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
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| renal calculi | kidney stones
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| renal cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the kidney in an adult
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| renal colic | severe pain resulting from stone in a ureter or in the kidney
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| renal failure | failure of the kidneys to produce and excrete urine
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| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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| renal ischemia | condition in which blood is held back from the kidney, often by blockage of renal arteries and arterioles
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| renal pelvis | central collecting chamber of the kidney
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| renal transplantation | surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
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| renal tubule | microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
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| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and back toward the heart
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| renin | substance (enzyme) synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney to raise blood pressure; causes narrowing of blood vessels
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| retrograde pyleogram | x-ray record of kidney, ureters and urinary bladder after injection of contrast material through a urinary catheter into the ureters
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| secondary hypertension | high blood pressure caused by kidney disease or by other disorders
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| sodium | chemical element necessary for cellular functioning; as an electrolyte, its blood and urine levels are regulated by the kidney
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| stricture | narrowing of a tubular structure in the body
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| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder where the ureters enter and urethra exits
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| trigonitis | inflammation of the trigone of the urinary bladder
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| urea | major nitrogenous waste material in urine
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| uremia | excessive amount of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
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| ureter | tube leading from each kidney to the urinary bladder
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| uteroileostomy | new opening of the ureters to an isolated portion of the ileum that has been removed from its normal location and connected to the outside of the body; serves as passageway for urine to leave body when urinary bladder isn't functioning
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| ureterolithotomy | incision of a ureter for removal of a stone
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| ureteroneocystostomy | surgical transplantation of a ureter to a new site in the urinary bladder; occurs with a kidney transplant
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| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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| urethral stricture | narrowing of urethra
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| urethritis | inflammation of urethra
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| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra
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| uric acid | nitrogenous waste formed when proteins are used in cells; excreted by the kidneys in urine
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| urinalysis | series of test to evaluate the composition of urine; includes tests to determine color, appearance, sugar, bacteria and protein in blood
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| urinary bladder | hollow container with muscular walls that holds and store urine until it is discharged from the body
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| urinary catherization | passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder for temporary or permanent drainage of urine
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| urinary incontinence | involuntary passage of urine
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| urinary retention | inability to pass urine, which is held back in the urinary bladder
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| urination | process of expelling urine; micturition; voiding
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| vesicoureteral reflux | backflow of urine from the urinary bladder to the ureters
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| voiding | urination
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| voiding cystourethrogram | x-ray record of urinary bladder and urethra taken while a patient is urinating and after contract material is injected retrograde through the urethra
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| Wilms tumor | malignant neoplasm of kidney that occurs in childhood
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| interstitial cystitis | chronic inflammation of the bladder wall; not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy
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| vasopressin | a peptide hormone; has 3 effects which contributes to increased urine concentration, & decreased urine excretion; causes the kidneys to conserve water, concentrating the urine, and reducing urine volume
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| Bright's disease (nephrotic syndrome) | inflammation of the kidney glomerulus; exposure to toxins, or other conditions chronic health conditions; generalized edema & rapid weight gain are characteristic features.
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| abortion | premature ending of pregnancy before embryo or fetus is able to exist on its own
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| abruptio plancentae | premature detachment of the placenta from its place in the uterine wall
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| adnexa uteri | accessory part of the uterus; fallopian tubes or ovaries
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| amenorrhea | absence of menstrual flow
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| amniocentesis | surgical puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac
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| amnion | innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
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| amniotic fluid | fluid contained within the amniotic sac surrounding fetus
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| anovulatory | not accompanied by ovulation
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| Apgar score | system of scoring an infant’s physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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| areola | dark, pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
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| aspiration | withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
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| Bartholin glands | 2 small mucus-secreting glands near the opening of the vagina to the outside of the body
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| bilateral oophorectomy | excision or removal of both ovaries
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| carcinoma in situ | cancerous tumor that is localized & has not spread either to nearby tissue or through the lymphatic system
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| carcinoma of the breast | malignant tumor of breast tissue; breast cancer
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| carcinoma of the cervix | malignant cells within the cervix
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| carcinoma of the endometrium | malignant tumor of the uterus
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