MedTemCP 5 Words and Pics
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| Gastrointestinal(digestive)tract | Begins with the mouth, where food enters, and ends with the anus, where solid waste materials leaves the body. There are three functions of the system are degestive, absorption,and elimination.
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| Digestive | Complex food material taken into the mouth or broken down menchaninically and chemically.
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| Enzymes | Speed up chemical reactions and aid the breakdown of complex nutrients.
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| Amino acids | Complex proteins are digested to complicated sugars and are reduced to simple sugars.
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| Glucose | Simple sugar.
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| Trigkycerides | Large fat molecules composed of three parts of fatty acids and one part glycerol.
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| Fatty acids | Substance produced when fats are digestive.
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| Absorption | Digestive foods passes into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
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| Elimination | The solid waste materials that cannot be aborbed into the bloodstream.
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| Feces | Solid wastes.
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| Cheeks | Form the walls of the oval-shaped oral cavity and lips.
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| Lips | Surround the opening to the cavity.
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| Hard Palate | Forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth, and the muscular soft palate.
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| Soft Palate | Lies posterior to the hard palate
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| Rugae | Irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate.
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| Uvula | A small soft tissue projection, hangs from the soft palate.
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| Tongue | Extends across the floor of the orval cavity, and muscles attach it to the lower jaw bone.
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| Mastication | Chewing
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| Deglutition | Swallowing
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| Papilae | Small raised areas on the tongue, contain taste buds.
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| Tonsils | Masses of lymphatic tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes, lie on both sides of the oropharynx. They are fillters to protect the body of bacterua and produce lymphocytes.
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| Oropharynx | Part of the throat near the mouth.
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| Gums | The flesy tissue surrounding the sockets of the teeth.
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| Teeth | A dental arch with 16 permenent teeth in the entire oral cavity.
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| Orval cavity | Mouth
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| Incisor | One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
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| Canine | Pointed,"dog tooth" next to the incusors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.
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| Premolar | The fouth and fifth teeth, befire tge nolars
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| Molar | The sixth to the eigth teeth from the middle on the either side of the dental arch.
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| Labial Surface | surface for incisor and canine teeth, is nearest the lips.
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| Buccal Surface | Cheek premolar and molar teeth.
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| Facial | Both Labial and Buccal surfaces.
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| Ingual Surface | On the side of the tooth directly opposite the facial surface.
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| Medial Surface | A tooth lies nearer to the median line.
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| Distal | Lies farther grom the median line.
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| Occlusal | To close that comes in contact with a corresponding tooth in the opposing arch.
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| Incisal edge | Sharp edge.
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| Crown | Shows avove the gum line.
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| Root | Lies within the bony tooth socket.
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| Enamel | outmost protective layer of the crown, protects the tooth.
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| Dentin | Main substance of the tooth, lies beneath the enamel an etends thoughout the crown. And softer then enamel.
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| Cementum | covers, protects, and suports the dentin in the root.
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| Periodontal membrane | Surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.
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| Pulp | Lies underneath the dentin. This soft and delicate tissue fills the center if the tooth.
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| Root Canal | Blood vessels,nerve endings tissue, and lymphatic vessels are within the pulp canal.
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| Salivary glands | Surrounds the oral cavity, produce saliva.
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| Saliva | Contains important digestive enzymes as wekk as healing growth factors.
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| Enzymes | A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. They breakdown foods to simpler substances.
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| Parotid Gland | Salivart gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
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| Submandibular Gland | Under teeth produce salvia.
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| Sublingual | Both sides of the mouth, connected to submandibular gland.
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| Pharynx | Throat, a muscuar tube about 5 inches long, lined with a mucous membrane. Passeway for both air and food.
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| Esophagus | Food tube connect to the stomach.
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| Deglutition | Swallowing.
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| Epiglottis | A flap of tissue close to block food from entering the Trachea. Open to breath.
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| Peristalsis | The progressive, rhythmic comtraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus pronellinf a bolus toward the stomach.
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| Bolus | Mass of food.
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| Stomach | A Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
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| Fundas | Upper portion of stomach.
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| Body | Middle section of stomach.
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| Antrum | Lower portion of stomach.
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| Sphincters | Rings of muscle control openings into and leading out of the stomach.
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| Lower Esophageal Sphincter(cardic sphincter) | Relaxes and contracts to move food from the esophagus into the stomach.
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| Pyloric sphincter | Allowers food to leave the stomach when it is ready.
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| Mucosa(Ruage) | Mucous membrane that is the lining of the stomach also caled rugae. It contains digestive glands that produce enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
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| Pepsin | To begin degestion of proteins.
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| Hydrochloric acid | Substance produced by the stomach, necessary for digestion of food.
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| Small Intestine(small bowel) | Entends for 20 feet from pyloric sphincter to the fist part of the large intestine.
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| Duodenum | Only a foot long, it receices food from the stomach as well as bile from the liver.
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| Bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallblader.
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| Liver | A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver produce bile, store sugar; iron; and vitamins, produce blood proteins, and destorys worn out blood red cells.
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| Gallbladder | Small sac under liver; stores bile.
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| Pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes.
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| Jejunun | Second part of the small instines.
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| Ileum | About 11 feet king and attaches to the fist part of the large instine.
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| Villi | Millons of microscopic projections that line the walls of the small instines. They absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream.
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| Large Insestine | Extends from the end of the ileum to the amus.
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| Cecum | A pouch on the right side that connects to the ileum at the fleoceal valve.
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| Appendix | Hangs from the cecum. It has no clear function and can become inflamed and infected when clogged or blocked.
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| Colon | About 5 feet long has four named segments.
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| Ascending colon | Extends from the Cecum to the undersurface of the liver, where it turns left to become the transverse colon.
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| Transverse Colon | Paseses hotizontally to the left toward the spleeen and then turns doward into the descending colon.
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| Desending Colon | Part of large instines.
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| Sigmoid Colon | Shaped like a S begins at the distal end of the descending colon and leads into the rectum.
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| Rectum | Terminates in the lower opening of the digestive tract, the anus.
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| Anus | Opening of digestive tract to the outside of the body.
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| Defecation | The expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
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| Bilitubin | Produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin during normal red blood cell destruction.
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| Iaundice(hyperbilirubinemia) | Yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes.
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| Hepatic duct | A vain connects to the liver into the Pancreas and joints the Cystic duct.
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| Crystic duct | A vain connects to the Gallbladder, joins the Hypatic Duct into Pancreas.
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| Common bile duct | Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the Duodenum.
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| Pancreas | Secretes pancreatic juices or Enzymes rhat are realeased into the Pancreatic Duct.
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| Pancreatic Duct | Joins with the Common bile duct just as it enters the Duodenum.
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| Duodenum | Receives a mixture of the bile and pancreatic juices.
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| Emulusification | The bile breaks apart large fat globules, creating more surface area so the enzymes from the pancreas can digest the fats.
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| Glycogen | Starch.
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| Gluconeogenesis | Process of the liver turns the protiens and fats into glucose.
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| Glycogenolysis | The blood sugar becomes dangerously low, the liver realse it glycogen back into glucose.
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| Portal vein | Brings blood to the liver from the instestines.
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| Amylase | Starch enzymes.
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| Lipase | Fat materials.
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| Protease | Protein materials.
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| Insulin | Hormone needed to help realse sugar from the blood, acts as a carrier to bring glucose into cells of the body to be used for energy.
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| Etitology | Cause of disease.
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| Idiopathic | Unknown cause of disease.
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| Anorexia | Lack of appetite.
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| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
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| Borborygmus (pl:borborygmi) | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointesrinal tract.
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| COnstipation | Difficulty of passing stools.
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| Laxastives | Promate movement of stools.
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| Cathartices | Promate movement of stools.
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| Diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.
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| Dysphagia | Diffulty of swallowing.
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| Odynophagia | Swallowing causes pain.
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| Eructation | Gas explled from the stomach though the mouth.
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| Belching | The sound of gas explled from the stomach though the mouth.
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| Flatus | Gas explled through the anus.
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| Flatulence | The presence of excessive gas in both stomach and the intestines.
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| Hematochezia | Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.
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| Jaundice(icterus) | Yellow-orage coloration of skin abd whites of the eyes by high levels of billirubin in blood. There are three causes of Jaundice Hemolysis, liver disease, and obstruction of bile flow.
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| Hemolysis | Execessive destruction of erythocytes.
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| Melena | Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
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| Nausea | Umpleasant sensation of stomach associated with a tendency to vomit.
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| Steatorrhea | Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter.
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| Aphthous Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth with smaall, painful ulcers called canker or sorers. Unknown cause.
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| Dental caries | Tooth decay or dental plaque.
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| Herpetic stomatits | Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpesvirus.
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| Fever billters or cold sores | Painful fluid-filled billsters on skin and mucus membrane.
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| Oral leukoplakia | White plaques or paches on the mucus of the mouth.
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| Periodontal disease | Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bones.
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| Dental calculus or tartar | A white brown, or yellow-brown calcified deposit at or below the gingival margin of teeth.
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| Achalasis | Failue of the lower esophagus sphincter(LES) muscle to relax.
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| Esophageal varices | Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.
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| Portal hypertension | Liver disease causes increased pressure in the veins near and around the liver.
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| Gastric carcinoms | Malignant tumor of the stomach.
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| Gastroesophageal relflux disease(GERD) | Solids abd fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
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| Heartburn | The burining sesesation cause by regurgitation of hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus.
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| ERelux esophagitis | Chronic exposure of the esophagus muccosa to gastric acid and pepsin.
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| Histal hernia | Occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm.
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| Inguinal hernia | Occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a week lower abdominal muscle.
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| Peptic Ulcer | Open sore or lession of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum.
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| Anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
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| Fissure | Break.
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| Colonic Polyposis | Polyps protude from the mucus membrane of the colon.
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| Pedunculated | Attached to the membrane by a stalk.
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| Sessile | Sitting directly on the mucus membrane.
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| Colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
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| Crohn Disease(Crohn's) | Chronic imflamation of the intestinal tract(terminal ileum and colon)
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| Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD) | Like Crohn's symptoms of diarrhea, serve, abdominal pain, fever, anorexia weekness, and weight loss.
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| Diverticulosis | Abnormal side pockets(outpourchings) in the intestinal wall.
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| Diverticula | Pouch-like herniations through the muscule wall of the colon.
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| Diverticulits | Fecal matter becomes trapped in the diverticula.
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| Dysentery | Painful, inflamed intestines.
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| Hemorrhoids | Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.
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| Ileus | Failue of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the instestines.
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| Paralytic ileus | Acute, transisent loss of peristalsis.
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| Intusseusception | Telescoping of the instestine.
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| Irritable Bowel Sydrome(IBS) | Group of gastrointestinal symptomes associated with stress and tension.
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| Ulcerative colitis | Chronic Inflammation of the colon with presence of the ulcers.
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| Volvulus | Twisting of the instestine on itself.
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| Cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder.
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| Calculi | Stones.
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| Biliary colic | Pain from blocked cysyic or common bile duct.
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| Cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
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| Pancreatitis | Inflmmation of the pancreas.
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| Virual Hepatitis | Inflamation of the liver cause by a virus.
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| Hepatitis A | Viral henatitis caused by the henatitis a virus(HAV). It can be spreed by contaminated food or water and characterized by slow onset of symptoms, the person can recover from this.
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| Hepatitis B | Caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)that can be transfered by blood transfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments. Can cause destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or death.
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| Hepatitis C | Caused by the hepatitis C virus(HCV) and can be tranfered from blood transfusions or needle inoculation-drugs users sharring needles.
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