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MedTemCP5 Word+Pics

MedTemCP 5 Words and Pics

WordDefinition
Gastrointestinal(digestive)tract Begins with the mouth, where food enters, and ends with the anus, where solid waste materials leaves the body. There are three functions of the system are degestive, absorption,and elimination.
Digestive Complex food material taken into the mouth or broken down menchaninically and chemically.
Enzymes Speed up chemical reactions and aid the breakdown of complex nutrients.
Amino acids Complex proteins are digested to complicated sugars and are reduced to simple sugars.
Glucose Simple sugar.
Trigkycerides Large fat molecules composed of three parts of fatty acids and one part glycerol.
Fatty acids Substance produced when fats are digestive.
Absorption Digestive foods passes into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.
Elimination The solid waste materials that cannot be aborbed into the bloodstream.
Feces Solid wastes.
Cheeks Form the walls of the oval-shaped oral cavity and lips.
Lips Surround the opening to the cavity.
Hard Palate Forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth, and the muscular soft palate.
Soft Palate Lies posterior to the hard palate
Rugae Irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate.
Uvula A small soft tissue projection, hangs from the soft palate.
Tongue Extends across the floor of the orval cavity, and muscles attach it to the lower jaw bone.
Mastication Chewing
Deglutition Swallowing
Papilae Small raised areas on the tongue, contain taste buds.
Tonsils Masses of lymphatic tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes, lie on both sides of the oropharynx. They are fillters to protect the body of bacterua and produce lymphocytes.
Oropharynx Part of the throat near the mouth.
Gums The flesy tissue surrounding the sockets of the teeth.
Teeth A dental arch with 16 permenent teeth in the entire oral cavity.
Orval cavity Mouth
Incisor One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
Canine Pointed,"dog tooth" next to the incusors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.
Premolar The fouth and fifth teeth, befire tge nolars
Molar The sixth to the eigth teeth from the middle on the either side of the dental arch.
Labial Surface surface for incisor and canine teeth, is nearest the lips.
Buccal Surface Cheek premolar and molar teeth.
Facial Both Labial and Buccal surfaces.
Ingual Surface On the side of the tooth directly opposite the facial surface.
Medial Surface A tooth lies nearer to the median line.
Distal Lies farther grom the median line.
Occlusal To close that comes in contact with a corresponding tooth in the opposing arch.
Incisal edge Sharp edge.
Crown Shows avove the gum line.
Root Lies within the bony tooth socket.
Enamel outmost protective layer of the crown, protects the tooth.
Dentin Main substance of the tooth, lies beneath the enamel an etends thoughout the crown. And softer then enamel.
Cementum covers, protects, and suports the dentin in the root.
Periodontal membrane Surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.
Pulp Lies underneath the dentin. This soft and delicate tissue fills the center if the tooth.
Root Canal Blood vessels,nerve endings tissue, and lymphatic vessels are within the pulp canal.
Salivary glands Surrounds the oral cavity, produce saliva.
Saliva Contains important digestive enzymes as wekk as healing growth factors.
Enzymes A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. They breakdown foods to simpler substances.
Parotid Gland Salivart gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
Submandibular Gland Under teeth produce salvia.
Sublingual Both sides of the mouth, connected to submandibular gland.
Pharynx Throat, a muscuar tube about 5 inches long, lined with a mucous membrane. Passeway for both air and food.
Esophagus Food tube connect to the stomach.
Deglutition Swallowing.
Epiglottis A flap of tissue close to block food from entering the Trachea. Open to breath.
Peristalsis The progressive, rhythmic comtraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus pronellinf a bolus toward the stomach.
Bolus Mass of food.
Stomach A Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
Fundas Upper portion of stomach.
Body Middle section of stomach.
Antrum Lower portion of stomach.
Sphincters Rings of muscle control openings into and leading out of the stomach.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter(cardic sphincter) Relaxes and contracts to move food from the esophagus into the stomach.
Pyloric sphincter Allowers food to leave the stomach when it is ready.
Mucosa(Ruage) Mucous membrane that is the lining of the stomach also caled rugae. It contains digestive glands that produce enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
Pepsin To begin degestion of proteins.
Hydrochloric acid Substance produced by the stomach, necessary for digestion of food.
Small Intestine(small bowel) Entends for 20 feet from pyloric sphincter to the fist part of the large intestine.
Duodenum Only a foot long, it receices food from the stomach as well as bile from the liver.
Bile Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallblader.
Liver A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver produce bile, store sugar; iron; and vitamins, produce blood proteins, and destorys worn out blood red cells.
Gallbladder Small sac under liver; stores bile.
Pancreas Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes.
Jejunun Second part of the small instines.
Ileum About 11 feet king and attaches to the fist part of the large instine.
Villi Millons of microscopic projections that line the walls of the small instines. They absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream.
Large Insestine Extends from the end of the ileum to the amus.
Cecum A pouch on the right side that connects to the ileum at the fleoceal valve.
Appendix Hangs from the cecum. It has no clear function and can become inflamed and infected when clogged or blocked.
Colon About 5 feet long has four named segments.
Ascending colon Extends from the Cecum to the undersurface of the liver, where it turns left to become the transverse colon.
Transverse Colon Paseses hotizontally to the left toward the spleeen and then turns doward into the descending colon.
Desending Colon Part of large instines.
Sigmoid Colon Shaped like a S begins at the distal end of the descending colon and leads into the rectum.
Rectum Terminates in the lower opening of the digestive tract, the anus.
Anus Opening of digestive tract to the outside of the body.
Defecation The expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
Bilitubin Produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin during normal red blood cell destruction.
Iaundice(hyperbilirubinemia) Yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes.
Hepatic duct A vain connects to the liver into the Pancreas and joints the Cystic duct.
Crystic duct A vain connects to the Gallbladder, joins the Hypatic Duct into Pancreas.
Common bile duct Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the Duodenum.
Pancreas Secretes pancreatic juices or Enzymes rhat are realeased into the Pancreatic Duct.
Pancreatic Duct Joins with the Common bile duct just as it enters the Duodenum.
Duodenum Receives a mixture of the bile and pancreatic juices.
Emulusification The bile breaks apart large fat globules, creating more surface area so the enzymes from the pancreas can digest the fats.
Glycogen Starch.
Gluconeogenesis Process of the liver turns the protiens and fats into glucose.
Glycogenolysis The blood sugar becomes dangerously low, the liver realse it glycogen back into glucose.
Portal vein Brings blood to the liver from the instestines.
Amylase Starch enzymes.
Lipase Fat materials.
Protease Protein materials.
Insulin Hormone needed to help realse sugar from the blood, acts as a carrier to bring glucose into cells of the body to be used for energy.
Etitology Cause of disease.
Idiopathic Unknown cause of disease.
Anorexia Lack of appetite.
Ascites Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
Borborygmus (pl:borborygmi) Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointesrinal tract.
COnstipation Difficulty of passing stools.
Laxastives Promate movement of stools.
Cathartices Promate movement of stools.
Diarrhea Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.
Dysphagia Diffulty of swallowing.
Odynophagia Swallowing causes pain.
Eructation Gas explled from the stomach though the mouth.
Belching The sound of gas explled from the stomach though the mouth.
Flatus Gas explled through the anus.
Flatulence The presence of excessive gas in both stomach and the intestines.
Hematochezia Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.
Jaundice(icterus) Yellow-orage coloration of skin abd whites of the eyes by high levels of billirubin in blood. There are three causes of Jaundice Hemolysis, liver disease, and obstruction of bile flow.
Hemolysis Execessive destruction of erythocytes.
Melena Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
Nausea Umpleasant sensation of stomach associated with a tendency to vomit.
Steatorrhea Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter.
Aphthous Stomatitis Inflammation of the mouth with smaall, painful ulcers called canker or sorers. Unknown cause.
Dental caries Tooth decay or dental plaque.
Herpetic stomatits Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpesvirus.
Fever billters or cold sores Painful fluid-filled billsters on skin and mucus membrane.
Oral leukoplakia White plaques or paches on the mucus of the mouth.
Periodontal disease Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bones.
Dental calculus or tartar A white brown, or yellow-brown calcified deposit at or below the gingival margin of teeth.
Achalasis Failue of the lower esophagus sphincter(LES) muscle to relax.
Esophageal varices Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.
Portal hypertension Liver disease causes increased pressure in the veins near and around the liver.
Gastric carcinoms Malignant tumor of the stomach.
Gastroesophageal relflux disease(GERD) Solids abd fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
Heartburn The burining sesesation cause by regurgitation of hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus.
ERelux esophagitis Chronic exposure of the esophagus muccosa to gastric acid and pepsin.
Histal hernia Occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm.
Inguinal hernia Occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a week lower abdominal muscle.
Peptic Ulcer Open sore or lession of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum.
Anal fistula Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
Fissure Break.
Colonic Polyposis Polyps protude from the mucus membrane of the colon.
Pedunculated Attached to the membrane by a stalk.
Sessile Sitting directly on the mucus membrane.
Colorectal cancer Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
Crohn Disease(Crohn's) Chronic imflamation of the intestinal tract(terminal ileum and colon)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD) Like Crohn's symptoms of diarrhea, serve, abdominal pain, fever, anorexia weekness, and weight loss.
Diverticulosis Abnormal side pockets(outpourchings) in the intestinal wall.
Diverticula Pouch-like herniations through the muscule wall of the colon.
Diverticulits Fecal matter becomes trapped in the diverticula.
Dysentery Painful, inflamed intestines.
Hemorrhoids Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.
Ileus Failue of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the instestines.
Paralytic ileus Acute, transisent loss of peristalsis.
Intusseusception Telescoping of the instestine.
Irritable Bowel Sydrome(IBS) Group of gastrointestinal symptomes associated with stress and tension.
Ulcerative colitis Chronic Inflammation of the colon with presence of the ulcers.
Volvulus Twisting of the instestine on itself.
Cholelithiasis Gallstones in the gallbladder.
Calculi Stones.
Biliary colic Pain from blocked cysyic or common bile duct.
Cirrhosis Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
Pancreatitis Inflmmation of the pancreas.
Virual Hepatitis Inflamation of the liver cause by a virus.
Hepatitis A Viral henatitis caused by the henatitis a virus(HAV). It can be spreed by contaminated food or water and characterized by slow onset of symptoms, the person can recover from this.
Hepatitis B Caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)that can be transfered by blood transfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments. Can cause destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or death.
Hepatitis C Caused by the hepatitis C virus(HCV) and can be tranfered from blood transfusions or needle inoculation-drugs users sharring needles.
Created by: Yugipie
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