Duke PA micro
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| I (porin) | increase intracellular survival
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| II (opacity) | mediates attachment to host epithelial cells
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| III (reduction-modifiable) | prevents cidal action of serum
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| Is N. gonorrhoeae capable of intracellular survival? | yes
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| How is diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae made? | shows up on Gram stain of urethral discharge, but diagnosis is now usually made by genetic amplification
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| N. gonorrhoeae grows optimally in what conditions? | at 37 degrees C, in presence of small amount of carbon dioxide
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| Who provides reservoir for N. gonorrhoeae infection? | asymptomatic women - transmission can occur perinatally
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| roughly 2% of N. gonorrhoeae infections disseminate | blood, skin, joints (females, knees)
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| Monoarticular arthirits of the knee in sexually active young woman points toward infection with what? | N. gonorrohoeae
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| N. meningitidis survival? | encapsulated, like N. gonorrhoeae can survive intracellularly
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| How is nasopharynx colonized with N. meningitidis? | receptors in nasopharynx allow colonization by meningococcal pili
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| What percent of population is colonized with N. meningitidis? | roughly 10 percent
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| How is N. meningitidis spread? | by direct contact or respiratory droplet
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| What develops as result of hematogenous spread of N. meningitidis? | meningitis, is endemic in 0-5 years, peaks again in late adolescence
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| What mediates signs/symptoms in meningitis caused by N. meningitidis? | endotoxin
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| What is equally as fastidious as N. gonorrhoeae? | N. meningitidis
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| Pasturella multocida - gram positive or negative? | gram negative coccobacillus
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| What are natural reservoirs of Pasturella multocida? | cats/dogs
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| Transmission of Pasturella multocida? | zoonotic - via bita, scratch, or licking of open wounds
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| Virulence factors of Pasturella multocida | polysaccharide capsule, endotoxin
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| Pasturella multocida - aerobic or anaerobic? | aerobic
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| Veillonella spp. Gram negative or positive? | gram negative cocci
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| Veillonella spp. Aerobic or anaerobic? | anaerobic
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| Veillonella normal flora | mouth, GI and female genital tract
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| How common are infections with Veillonella? | rare in immunocompetent hosts
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| Veillonella infection | rare, but serious when they occur and include osteomyelitis (most common), meningitis, and endocarditis
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| Kingella kingae - gram positive or negative | negative, small coccobacilli, resembles Neiserria
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| Kingella kingae - aerobic or anaerobic? | anaerobic
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| Kingella kingae normal flora | human oropharynx
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| most common species of Kingella? | K. kingae - first described in 1960s by Elizabeth King
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| K. kingae infection | most commonly involve the feumr, talus or calcaneus (other sites include lower respiratory tract, blood stream and heart valves)
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