Analgesics & Muscle Relaxants
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesics | Pain Killers (Decreases sensation of pain - sense of relief & well-being)
🗑
|
||||
| Pain | unsatisfactory feeling that makes an emotional drive
🗑
|
||||
| Opiod receptors | 5; Mu (2 subclasses), Kappa, Delta
🗑
|
||||
| Number of pain pathways from periphery to brain | 50
🗑
|
||||
| Sedation | Affects higher cortical function. (Lead to coma or general anesthesia)
🗑
|
||||
| Dextromethorphan SE | suppresses cough reflex
🗑
|
||||
| Morphine Classification | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Morphine is derived from... | Opium Poppy
🗑
|
||||
| Opiods | morphine-like substance
🗑
|
||||
| Narcotics | Opiods & those that induce narcosis
🗑
|
||||
| Morphine(Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph)site of action | spinal cord, midbrain, thalamus, cortex (depresses nocioceptive spinal reflexes in dorsal horn)
🗑
|
||||
| Morphine (Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph) neurotransmitters | Cholinergic, adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic
🗑
|
||||
| Morphine (Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph) onset | Quick: peaks 30-40 minutes after administration
🗑
|
||||
| Propoxyphene | Darvocet, Darvon
🗑
|
||||
| Morphine | Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Duramorph
🗑
|
||||
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) pain use | mild to mod
🗑
|
||||
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) Class | CV
🗑
|
||||
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) SE | Acute & chronic Toxicity, convulsions (difficult to treat)
🗑
|
||||
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) DI | Increase toxic effects with muscle relaxants & CNS depressants
🗑
|
||||
| Propoxyphene (Darvocet, Darvon) overdose | Most fatal OD in US b/c it extremely lowers the Sz. threshold. 2nd most common drug cause of death.
🗑
|
||||
| Meperidine | Demerol
🗑
|
||||
| Meperidine (Demerol) pain use | mod-severe; perioperative
🗑
|
||||
| Meperidine (Demerol) vs Morphine | 1/6 potency. No pupillary constriction or cough suppression. Less smooth muscle effects
🗑
|
||||
| Meperidine (Demerol) metabolized by | Liver
🗑
|
||||
| Meperidine (Demerol) SE | CNS excitation - high doses (Tremor, muscle twitches, Szs.) & Respiratory suppression
🗑
|
||||
| Meperidine (Demerol) Class | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Opiates SE | Analgesia, Antianxiety, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, depression of cough reflex, pupillary constriction, N/V,endocrine effects (Increases ADH, corticotropin, PRL, GH, gonadotrophic hormones), edema, flushing, orthostasis, constipation,itch
🗑
|
||||
| Hydromorphone | Dilaudid
🗑
|
||||
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) class | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Duration | Short Acting
🗑
|
||||
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) SE | Same as Morphine
🗑
|
||||
| Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Potency | High w/ IM
🗑
|
||||
| Fentanyl | Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora
🗑
|
||||
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Class | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Onset | Rapid
🗑
|
||||
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Duration | Short
🗑
|
||||
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Form | No PO b/c doesnt go through the gut b/c its greater lipid soluble)
🗑
|
||||
| Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) SE | Respiratory depression/Apnea (high risk), skeletal muscle rigidity, moderate bradycardia
🗑
|
||||
| Oxycodone | Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan
🗑
|
||||
| Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan) SE | Fewer than Codeine - more tolerable
🗑
|
||||
| Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan) vs morphine | slightly higher potency than morphine
🗑
|
||||
| Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Roxicodone, Percocet, Roxicet, Percodan) Class | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Oxymorphone | Opana
🗑
|
||||
| Oxymorphone (Opana) class | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Oxymorphone (Opana) efficacy | Questionable
🗑
|
||||
| Oxymorphone (Opana) similar to... | Oxycodone
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrocodone | Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) abuse | Must abused drug in US
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) similarities | Oxycodone except less euphoria
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) combination | Combined with acetominophen (Be careful of acetominophen toxicity)
🗑
|
||||
| Hydrocodone (Lortab, Lorcet, Vicodin, Vicodin ES, Zydone, Norco) Class | CIV
🗑
|
||||
| Codeine SE | Same as morphine
🗑
|
||||
| Codeine Pain Use | Mild to moderate
🗑
|
||||
| Codeine Combinations | Aspirin/Acetominophen (CIV) & Pure (CII)
🗑
|
||||
| Codeine Class | Pure-CII or Combined with Aspirin/Acetominophen (CIV)
🗑
|
||||
| Nalorphine type of drug | First known morphine antagonist (proof that antagonist are analgesic with less abuse potential)
🗑
|
||||
| Pentazocin | Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX
🗑
|
||||
| Pentazocin (Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX) Class | CIV
🗑
|
||||
| Pentazocin (Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX) type of drug | Kappa receptor agonist & mu receptor antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| Pentazocin (Talacen, Talwin, Talwin NX) SE | No ADH effect, less GI effects, lowers seizure threshhold, N/V, dysphoria, hallucinations & confusion
🗑
|
||||
| Nalbuphine | Nubain
🗑
|
||||
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) class | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) vs morphine | Equal potency & duration of morphine
🗑
|
||||
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) type of drug | Mu antagonist and kappa agonist
🗑
|
||||
| Nalbuphine (Nubain) SE | Less respiratory suppression
🗑
|
||||
| Butorphanol | Stadol
🗑
|
||||
| Butorphanol (Stadol) class | CIV
🗑
|
||||
| Butorphanol (Stadol) type of drug | Potent kappa agonist
🗑
|
||||
| Butorphanol (Stadol) onset | quick in nasal form
🗑
|
||||
| Butorphanol (Stadol) abuse potential | High abuse potential
🗑
|
||||
| Tramadol | Ultram, Ultracet
🗑
|
||||
| Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet) type of drug | Mu antagonist, kappa agonist, 5HT-ag
🗑
|
||||
| Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet) SE | Sedation, less GI effects, abuse potential, seizures
🗑
|
||||
| Kertorolac | Toradol
🗑
|
||||
| Kertorolac (Toradol) type of drug | prostaglandin inhibitor (NSAID)
🗑
|
||||
| Kertorolac (Toradol) use | Mild to moderate pain - short term
🗑
|
||||
| Kertorolac (Toradol) vs Codeine | Similar potency
🗑
|
||||
| Kertorolac (Toradol) CI | Perioperative and obstetrics (premature closure of the PAD in the baby)
🗑
|
||||
| Naloxone | Narcan
🗑
|
||||
| Naloxone (Narcan) type of drug | mu, delta, and kappa antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| Naloxone (Narcan) SE | Opposite of opiates: euphoria, analgesia, mental clouding, respiratory depression, severe withdrawl Sx.
🗑
|
||||
| Naloxone (Narcan) Half-life | Short (10 minutes)
🗑
|
||||
| Acetaminophen type of drug | non-prostaglandin synthetase
🗑
|
||||
| Acetaminophen metabolized & excreted | Liver & Kidney
🗑
|
||||
| Acetaminophen vs aspirin | Analgesic activity equivalent to aspirin
🗑
|
||||
| Acetaminophen use | Reduces opiate dose
🗑
|
||||
| Methadone | Dolophine
🗑
|
||||
| Methadone (Dolophine) half-life | Long; withdrawl lasts for months
🗑
|
||||
| Methadone (Dolophine) Class | CII
🗑
|
||||
| Nucynta type of drug | Dual-action pain inhibition (ascending; mu-opiate agonist. Descending; Inhibits NE reuptake)
🗑
|
||||
| Nucynta CI | Patients at risk for respiratry depression and MAOIs
🗑
|
||||
| Tolerance | phenomenon where an organism chronically exposed to a substance becomes progressively less sensitive to it (need higher dose to achieve equal effects)
🗑
|
||||
| Dependence | Withdrawl syndrome upon cessation of a substance
🗑
|
||||
| Drugs that reduce opiate use | Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, NSAIDs, Topical/local agents, Muscle relaxants & Antihistamines
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle spasticity | UMN dz. which relates to the tone of the muscle
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle spasm | Localized in1 muscle body
🗑
|
||||
| Dantrolene | Dantrium
🗑
|
||||
| Dantrolene (Dantrium) Tx use | CP, MNS, malignant hyperthermia
🗑
|
||||
| Dantrolene (Dantrium) SE | Drowsiness, dizziness, weakness,liver toxicity (chronic), pleural effusion (Chronic)
🗑
|
||||
| Methocarbamole | Robaxin
🗑
|
||||
| Methocarbamole (Robaxin) physiology | Depresses muscle spindle affarent activity (spinal cord level)
🗑
|
||||
| Methocarbamole (Robaxin) Tx for... | Acute muscle spasm, back pain, sprain/strains
🗑
|
||||
| Methocarbamole (Robaxin) SE | Drowsiness, ataxia & coma (high doses)
🗑
|
||||
| Diazepam | Valium
🗑
|
||||
| Diazepam (Valium) physiology | Presynaptic inhibition of motor neuron in spinal cord (increases GABA)
🗑
|
||||
| Baclofen | Lioresal
🗑
|
||||
| Baclofen (Lioresal) physiology | Reduces excitatory synaptic influences of motor neuron at spinal and supraspinal level. (blocks asparate and glutamate)
🗑
|
||||
| Baclofen (Lioresal) Tx. | Chronic muscle spasm, spasticity of MS & spinal cord injury
🗑
|
||||
| Baclofen (Lioresal) SE | Hyperglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| Cyclobenzaprine | Flexeril, Amrix
🗑
|
||||
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Amrix) physiology | Acts in midbrain & spinal cord level
🗑
|
||||
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Amrix) Tx. | Spinal cord damage due to ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril, Amrix) SE | Very sedating, dry mouth, fatigue, mental confusion
🗑
|
||||
| Carisoprodol (SOMA) physiology | Blocks interneuron action similar to methocarbamol (less selective); metabolized to sedative with little muscle relaxant.
🗑
|
||||
| Carisoprodol (SOMA) SE | Very sedating
🗑
|
||||
| Tizanidine | Zanaflex
🗑
|
||||
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) physiology | Alpha agonist; acts in spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) Tx. for... | Chronic muscular pain, spasticity or MS-related spasticity
🗑
|
||||
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) monitor | LFTs
🗑
|
||||
| Tizanidine (Zanaflex) SE | Sedating (less with given food)
🗑
|
||||
| Orphenadrine | Norflex
🗑
|
||||
| Orphenadrine (Norflex) physiology | Acts supraspinally to decrease rigidty
🗑
|
||||
| Orphenadrine (Norflex) SE | Anticholinergic SE
🗑
|
||||
| Orphenadrine (Norflex) Tx | Strain, Spain, Low back injury
🗑
|
||||
| Cholpromazine | Thorazine
🗑
|
||||
| Cholpromazine (Thorazine) physiology | Depresses system btwn cerebellar & midbrain areas
🗑
|
||||
| Metaxalone | Skelaxin
🗑
|
||||
| Metaxalone (Skelaxin) physiology | Similar to methocarbamol
🗑
|
||||
| Metaxalone (Skelaxin) SE | Least sedating
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorzoxazone | Parafon Forte
🗑
|
||||
| Chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte) physiology | Smooth muscle relaxant
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
147401391
Popular Clinical Skills sets