UCI SOM Smith

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Question

Answer

What’s in blood

formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets), plasma

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% of blood

45-50 erythrocytes, 1% leukocytes, the rest is plasma

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plasma proteins

albumin, globulins (alpha, beta, gamma), clotting proteins (fibrinogen, prothrombin, etc.), complement proteins (C1-C9), plasma lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL)

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erythrocytes

7.5 micrometers, anucleate, 120 day lifespan, removed by macrophages in spleen, bone marrow and liver

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reticulocytes

1-2% of RBC’s; contain residual ribosomes and other organelles; lower concentration of Hb

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Hb + O2

oxyhemoglobin

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Hb + CO2

carbaminohemoglobin

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Hb + CO

carboxyhemoglobin

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Anemia

hypochromic anemia (iron deficiency) and normochromic anemia (sicke cell; hereditary spherocytosis

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Polycythemia

erythrocytosis

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2 types of Leucocytes

granulocytes and agranulocytes

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granulocytes

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

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agranulocytes

monocyte, lymphoctye

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% of WBC’s

neutrophil 60-70%; eosinophil 2-4%; basophil <1%; lymphocyte 20-25%; monocyte 3-8%

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3 types of granuloctye granules

azurophilic (=primary; in lysosome), specific (=secondary, secreted), tertiary

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what are the azurophilic granules are and in what are they found

found in neutrophils; hydrolases, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, collagenase, cathepsin, bactericidal (permeability-increasing protein), elastase

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Where are specific granules found and what are they

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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Specific neutrophil granules

alkaline phosphatase, collagenase, lactoferrin, lysozyme

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Specific eosinophil granules

major basic protein, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, beta-glucoronidase, cathepsin, phospholipase, RNase, eosinophilic peroxidase

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Specific basophil granules

Eosinophil chemotactic factor, neutrophil chemotactic factor, heparin, histamine, peroxidase

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Where are tertiary granules found and what are they

found in neutrophils: gelatinase, cathepsin, glycoproteins

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neutrophil

60-70% of leukocytes, 12-15 micrometers; multilobed segmented nucleus; phagocytose microorganisms; barr body/drumstick appendage

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band/stab cell

imature neutrophil who’s nucleus hasn’t mutlilobed

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eosinophils

2-4% of circulating leukocytes, 12-15 micrometers; bilobed nucleus; coarse eosinophilic granules; major basic protein in eosinophilic granules kills parasitic worms

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basophil

1% of leukocytes; 12-15 microns; multilobed nucleus; conspicuous basophilic granules contain heparin and histamine; mediate inflammatory responses similar to mast cells; anaphylaxis in hypersensitive individuals

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monocytes

3-8% of leukocytes; 12-20 microns; oval, horseshoe, or kidney shaped nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm, precursor cells of the MPS that differentiate into CT macrophages

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lymphocytes

20-25% of leukocytes; small 6-8 microns, large 12-18 microns; round or slightly indented dense nucleus rich in heterochromatin; basophilic cytoplasm; 3 fxnl categories (B, T, Null)

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Can you tell the difference among B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and null cells

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B lymphocytes

humural immunity; plasma cells

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T lymphocytes

cytotoxic (killer); helper; suppressor

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Null cells

circulating stem cells; natural killer (NK) cells

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Platelets/thrombocytes

2-4microns; hyalomer-clear peripheral region; granulomere- darkly stained central body; function in blood coagulation

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Components in platelets

alpha granules (fibrinogen and PDGF), delta granules (=dense bodies;serotonin and ADP), lambda granules (=lysosomes; acid hydrolases), dense tubular system involved in Ca2+ sequestration

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Serotinin

causes smooth muscle around blood vessel to contract

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