CF Prefix Suffix
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| acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket)
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| acro/o | extremities
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| acromi/o | acromion
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| ankyl/o | crooked, bent, stiff
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| arthr/o Or articul/o | Joint
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| blast/o | developing cell
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| burs/o | bursa (sac of fluid near joints)
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| calcane/o | calcaneus (heel bone)
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| calc/o | Calcium
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| carp/o | carpus (wrist bone)
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone)
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| coccyg/o | coccyx (tale bone)
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| cost/o | ribs
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| crani/o | skull
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| femor/o | femur (thigh bone)
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| fibr/o | fibers, fibrous tissue
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| fibros/o | fibrous tissue
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| fibul/o | fibula
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| humer/o | humorus (upper arm bone)
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| ili/o | ilium
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| ischi/o | ischium (part of hip bone)
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| kinesi/o | movement, motion
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| kyph/o | humpback
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| lamin/o | lamina (part of vertebral arch)
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| lapar/o | abdominal wall
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| leiomy/o | smooth (visceral) muscle
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| ligament/o | ligament
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| lord/o | swayback, curve
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| lumb/o | lower back, loins
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| malleol/o | malleolus
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| mandibul/o | lower jaw bone
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| maxill/o | upper jaw bone
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| menisc/o | meniscus (crescent)
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| metacarp/o | metacarpals (hand bones)
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| my/o | muscle
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| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow
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| myelon/o | bone marrow
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| myocardi/o | heart muscle
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| myos/o | muscle
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| olecran/o | elbow
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| om/a | shoulder
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| orth/o | straight
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| oste/o | bone
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| patell/o | patella
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| pelv/o | pelvic bone, hip
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| perone/o | fibula
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| petr/o | stone
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| phalang/o | phalanges (finger and toe bones)
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| pub/o | pubis (part of hip bone)
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| pyr/o | fever
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| rachi/o | spinal column, vertebrae
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| radi/o | radius (lateral lower arm bone), x-rays
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| rhabdomy/o | striated (skeletal) muscle
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| sacr/o | sacrum
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| sarc/o | flesh (connective tissue)
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| scapul/o | scapula, shoulder bone
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| scoli/o | crooked, bent
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| spondyl/o | vertebrea (backbones)
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| stern/o | sternum (breastbone)
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| submaxill/o | lower jaw bone
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| syndesm/o | ligament
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| synovi/o | synovia (joint fluid)
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| tars/o | tarsals (ankle bone)
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| ten/o | tendon
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| thorac/o | chest
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| tibi/o | tibia (shin bone)
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| uln/o | ulna (medial lower arm bone)
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| vertebr/o | vertebrae (backbones)
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| amphi- | on both sides
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| de- | lack of
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| di- | complete, through
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| dia- | complete, through
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| inter- | between
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| peri- | surrounding
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| supra- | above
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| sym- | together, with
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| syn- | together, with
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| -clasia | break
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| -asthenia | weakness
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| -blast | embryonic, immature
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| -clasis | break
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| -desis | binding together
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| -lemma | sheath, covering
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| -malacia | softening
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| -physis | grow, growth
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| -porosis | passage
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| -schisis | to split
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| -sthenia | strength
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| -trophy | nourishment, development
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| -clast | break
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| calci/o | calcium
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| calei/o | calcium
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| tend/o | tendon
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| tendin/o | tendon
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| treating musculoskeletal deformities in children | Orthopedist
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| treat joint diseases such as the various forms of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis | Rheumatologist
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| surgical subspecialists in diseases and structural problems of the feet | Podiatrists
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| A fiberoptic instrument is introduced into a joint cavity in order to visualize surfaces of bones entering into a joint, find tears in internal joint structures and evaluate sources of inflammation. | Arthroscopy
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| A radioactive element in very small amounts, not enough to cause any radiation injury to the patient, is introduced into the blood stream | Bone scan
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| recording of muscle electrical activity | Electromyography
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| Cutting out a small tissue sample of muscle in order to examine it under a microscope | Muscle biopsy
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| joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as swelling, pain, and oftentimes, loss of mobility of joints | Arthritis
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| Changes occur in both joint soft tissues and the opposing bones | osteoarthritis
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| an autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against joint tissues causing chronic inflammation resulting in severe joint damage, pain and immobility | rheumatoid arthritis
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| The hard, rock-like quality of bone is dependent upon calcium. When too much calcium is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced, bones lose density and are easily fractured | Osteoporosis
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| "Soft bones". If not enough calcium is deposited during early childhood development, the bones do not become rock-hard, but rubbery. | Osteomalacia
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| People whose job involves repeated flexing of their wrist (typing, house painting) may develop tingling and/or pain in their thumb, index and middle fingers along with weakness of movements of the thumb, especially, grasping an object. | Carpal tunnel syndrome
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| Repeated strain on a tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resulting in pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle | Tendonitis
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| . Hard, fast movements, such as in tennis and baseball can tear one of these tendons resulting in pain and decreased mobility of the shoulder. | Rotator cuff tear
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| Muscular dystrophy | MD
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| This inherited disease leads to degeneration and weakness of muscles manifesting at birth. | Muscular dystrophy
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| This is an autoimmune disease that involves production of antibodies that interfere with nerves stimulating muscle contractions. | Myasthenia gravis
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| An autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against a variety of organs, especially connective tissues of skin and joints | Lupus erythematosus
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| may involve a distinctive butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks and may also involve myalgia and arthralgia | Mild lupus
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| involves inflammation of multiple organ systems such as the heart, lungs, or kidneys. | Severe or systemic lupus
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| SLE | Severe or systemic lupus
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| abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, S shaped curve of the spinal column | Scoliosis
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| humpbacked abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine which pushes the head and shoulders forward | Kyphosis
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| swaybacked, abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine which pushes the abdomen forward and the hips backward | Lordosis
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| synarthrotic Joint | immovable
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| amphiathrotic | slightly movable
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| diathrotic | freely movable
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| accumulation of uric acid crystals within the joint. | gout
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| attach muscles to bone | Tendons
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| When muscles attach to other muscles or to a large flat bone, the attachment is | aponeurosis
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| attach bone to bone | Ligaments
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| slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated nucleus pulposus | herniated disk
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| kyphosis | hunchback
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| rachischisis | spina bifida
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| ankylosing spondylitis | Strumpell-Marie arthritis or disease
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| bunion | hallux valgus
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| exostosis | spur
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| bones that are strong and have large surface areas for muscles to attach. | long bones
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| bones that are grouped together to help provide movement. | short bones
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| Bones that cover and protect soft body parts. | flat bones
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| bones, such as the kneecap, are small and rounded; they are found near joints to increase the efficiency of the muscles near that joint. | Sesamoid bones
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| middle region of long bones | Diaphysis
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| each end of the long bones | Epiphysis
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| cartilage tissue that is constantly replaced as bone grows; disappears when bone is fully grown, very obvious in children | Epiphyseal plate
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| flared portion of bone between diaphysis and epiphysis | Metaphysis
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| strong, fibrous, vascular covering of long bones; has extensive nerve supply | Periosteum
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| ends of long bones and surface of any bone that meets another to form a joint; cushions the joint, allowing fluid movement | Articular cartilage
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| layer of hard dense bone under the periosteum; contains canals of blood vessels that nourish the bone and remove waste products | Compact bone
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| channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels | Haversian canals
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| central shaft of long bones that contains yellow bone marrow that is made up of mostly fat cells | Medullary cavity
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| spongy, porous bone tissue in the center of bones that contain spaces that contain red bone marrow; this is where red blood cells are made. | Cancellous bone
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| Fossa | shallow cavity in a bone
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| Foramen | opening in a bone for blood vessels and nerves
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| Fissure | deep, narrow slit in a bone
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| Sinus | hollow cavity in a bone
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| Striated | made up of voluntary or skeletal muscles that move all bones, facial expressions and eye movement; we control these muscles
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| involuntary or visceral muscles that move internal organs, such as the digestive tract; we do not control these. Muscle fibers are arranged in sheets that wrap around vessels | Smooth
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| heart muscles; we do not control these. Arranged in branching fibers | Cardiac:
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| Bones | 206 adult
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| Muscle | over 600
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| endosteum | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
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| red marrow | thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation)
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| yellow marrow | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
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| diaphysis | shaft of the long bones
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| epiphysis | ends of the long bone
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| bone marrow | material found in the cavities of bones
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| maxilla | upper jawbone
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| mandible | lower jawbone
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| cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) | first set of 7 forming the neck
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| thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) | second set of 12 vertebrae
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| lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) | third set of 5 larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of spine
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| sacrum | next five vertebrae, which fuse together
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| coccyx | four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
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| lamina | part of the vertebral arch
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| clavicle (2) | collarbone
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| scapula (2) | shoulder blade
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| sternum | breastbone
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| upper extremities | arm and hand bones
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| pelvic bones (3 pairs fused together) | (3 pairs fused together)
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| lower extremities | leg and foot bones
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| joint | holds bones together and makes movement possible
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| articular cartilage | smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints
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| meniscus | crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee
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| intervertebral disk | cartilagionous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine
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| pubic symphysis | cartilaginous joint at which two public bones fuse together
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